Snakes in Illinois: Prairie State Hissy Tales

Did you know that Illinois is home to a fascinating array of slithering reptiles? You might be surprised to learn that there are a whopping 51 different species of snakes calling the Land of Lincoln their home.

From the tiniest of threadsnakes to the impressively large Eastern ratsnake, there’s no shortage of diversity among our legless friends in this great state. Whether you’re an amateur herpetologist or just mildly curious, be prepared to be amazed!

So, without further ado, let’s dive right into this plethora of scaly wonders and uncover the fantastic variety of snakes you can find right here in Illinois. Happy herping!

#	Name	Details	Image
1	Black Kingsnake (Lampropeltis nigra)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Solid black with white speckles Habitat: Woodlands, forests, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
2	Black Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)	Size: Up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) Color: Black with faint dark blotches Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-arboreal
3	Blue Racer (Coluber constrictor foxii)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Blue or greenish-blue Habitat: Grassy or open habitats, including meadows, brushy areas, and woodland edges Behaviour: Diurnal and active
4	Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi)	Size: 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) Color: Brown or yellowish with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, deserts, woodlands, and agricultural areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
5	Chicago Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis semifasciatus)	Size: Up to 48 inches (1.22 meters) Color: Green, brown or gray with longitudinal yellow stripes Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
6	Copperbelly Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) Color: Copper-red or orange on the belly, dark brown or black on the back Habitat: Wetland habitats, such as marshes, swamps, and ponds Behaviour: Nocturnal and semi-aquatic
7	Diamond-backed Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer)	Size: 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) Color: Olive-green or brown with dark diamond patterns Habitat: Freshwater habitats, lakes, rivers, and swamps Behaviour: Diurnal, nocturnal, and good swimmer
8	Dusty Hognose Snake (Heterodon gloydi)	Size: 15-33 inches (38-84 cm) Color: Grayish-brown with dark blotches Habitat: Sandhills, grasslands, and prairies Behaviour: Diurnal, known for playing dead
9	Eastern coachwhip snake (Masticophis flagellum flagellum)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Variable, typically black to brown with light gray or tan underside Habitat: Various habitats, including woodlands, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Active and diurnal, fast-moving
10	Eastern Fox Snake (Pantherophis gloydi)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Yellowish or light brown with dark blotches Habitat: Wetlands, meadows, and woodland edges Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
11	Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis)	Size: Up to 2-4.5 feet (0.6-1.4 meters) Color: Brown, green or gray with three yellow stripes Habitat: Forests, grasslands, wetlands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
12	Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)	Size: 20-33 inches (51-84 cm) Color: Highly variable, typically brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas Behaviour: Diurnal, known for playing dead when threatened
13	Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus)	Size: 18-30 inches (45-76 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark brown blotches Habitat: Wetlands, grasslands, and forests Behaviour: Solitary and diurnal during cooler months, crepuscular and nocturnal in warmer months
14	Eastern Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum)	Size: Up to 3.9 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Reddish-brown with Y-shaped black-edged white bands Habitat: Forests, grasslands, farmlands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
15	Eastern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus sauritus)	Size: 18-34 inches (45-86 cm) Color: Black, greenish, or brown with three distinct light stripes Habitat: Wetlands, swamps, and marshes near water Behaviour: Active during the day, good swimmers, and skittish
16	Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis)	Size: 7-12 inches (18-30 cm) Color: Brown or reddish-brown with black head and yellow neck band Habitat: Grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
17	Graham’s Crayfish Snake (Regina grahamii)	Size: 18-42 inches (46-107 cm) Color: Brown or olive-brown with dark spots Habitat: Wetlands, lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams Behaviour: Aquatic, nocturnal, and secretive
18	Gray Rat Snake (Pantherophis spiloides)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Gray with dark brown or black blotches Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and wetlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and semi-arboreal
19	Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and terrestrial
20	Kirtland’s Snake (Clonophis kirtlandii)	Size: Up to 24 inches (60 centimeters) Color: Gray or brown with red or orange belly and black spots Habitat: Wet meadows, prairies, marshes, and woodland edges Behaviour: Secretive, burrowing, and spends much of its time underground
21	Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum)	Size: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) Color: Gray or tan with dark stripes Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and urban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
22	Midland Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi wrightorum)	Size: Up to 20 inches (50 cm) Color: Grayish-brown with dark brown or black neck spots Habitat: Grassy fields, forests, wetlands, and urban areas Behaviour: Secretive and terrestrial
23	Midland Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon pleuralis)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) Color: Dark brown or reddish-brown with lighter banding Habitat: Aquatic habitats, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and semi-aquatic
24	MidWestern Wormsnake (Carphophis amoenus helenae)	Size: 8-11 inches (20-28 cm) Color: Shiny black or dark brown with pinkish-orange underside Habitat: Moist woodlands, fields, and forest edges Behaviour: Burrowing and nocturnal
25	Mississippi Green Water Snake (Nerodia cyclopion)	Size: 30-45 inches (76-114 cm) Color: Dark green or brownish with dark bands, yellowish belly Habitat: Swamps, marshes, and slow-moving rivers Behaviour: Nocturnal, semiaquatic
26	Mississippi Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus stictogenys)	Size: 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) Color: Slate gray to black with a yellow to orange ring around the neck Habitat: Forests, woodlands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling
27	Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen)	Size: 24 to 36 inches (61 to 91 centimeters), sometimes reaching 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Copper-colored with dark brown bands Habitat: Deciduous forests, mixed woodlands, rocky areas, and near streams Behaviour: Crepuscular and ambush predators
28	Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata)	Size: Up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) Color: Gray or brown with a red or orange underside Habitat: Deciduous forests, meadows, and wetlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
29	Northern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis)	Size: 18-24 inches (46-61 cm) Color: Black or brown with yellow or white stripes Habitat: Wetlands, marshes, and swamps Behaviour: Active during the day and excellent swimmers
30	Northern Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii)	Size: 12-15 inches, rarely up to 24 inches Color: Gray or black with a distinctive yellow or orange ring around the neck Habitat: Woodlands, rock outcrops, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and terrestrial
31	Northern Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea copei)	Size: 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) Color: Red or orange with black-bordered white or yellow bands Habitat: Forests, woodlands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
32	Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) Color: Brown or gray with dark bands or blotches Habitat: Aquatic habitats, such as rivers, lakes, ponds, and marshes Behaviour: Nocturnal and semi-aquatic
33	Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster)	Size: 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or gray with a yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly Habitat: Rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands Behaviour: Semi-aquatic, diurnal, and good swimmers
34	Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)	Size: 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) Color: Brown or gray with yellow or orange stripes Habitat: Grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal, good swimmers, and semi-aquatic
35	Prairie Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster)	Size: 30-42 inches (76-107 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, farmlands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
36	Prairie Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi)	Size: 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) Color: Gray or olive with a yellow or orange ring around the neck Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling
37	Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata)	Size: Up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) Color: Olive, brown or gray with three stripes and cream or yellowish belly Habitat: Streams, creeks, and other aquatic environments Behaviour: Diurnal, and highly aquatic
38	Red Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum syspila)	Size: Up to 40 inches (1 meter) Color: Red or reddish-pink with black-bordered white bands Habitat: Forests, grasslands, farmlands, and rocky slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
39	Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus)	Size: 22-32 inches (56-81 cm) Color: Bright green with a lighter belly Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and areas near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal, arboreal, and good climbers
40	Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis)	Size: 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) Color: Bright green with a lighter belly Habitat: Grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal, terrestrial, and good climbers
41	Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Black with a white or gray chin and throat Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
42	Southern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix)	Size: Up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) Color: Reddish-brown or coppery with dark bands Habitat: Forests, swamps, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
43	Southern Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark bands Habitat: Aquatic habitats, including swamps, marshes, and rivers Behaviour: Nocturnal and semi-aquatic
44	Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Tan or light brown with dark brown or black speckles Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
45	Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Yellow, brown, gray, or black with dark bands Habitat: Forests, mixed woodlands, and rocky hillsides Behaviour: Solitary and ambush predator
46	Western Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma)	Size: Up to 3.5 feet (1.06 meters) Color: Dark brown or black with faint banding Habitat: Forests, swamps, and marshes near bodies of water Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and will display aggressive behavior when threatened
47	Western Foxsnake (Pantherophis ramspotti)	Size: 3 to 5 feet (0.9 to 1.5 meters) Color: Light brown to golden brown with dark brown to black blotches Habitat: Grasslands, woodlands, and farmlands Behaviour: Mainly nocturnal and good climbers
48	Western Mud Snake (Farancia abacura reinwardtii)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) Color: Black or dark brown with red or pink belly Habitat: Swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
49	Western Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus)	Size: 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) Color: Black or dark brown with three bright yellow or white stripes Habitat: Semi-aquatic habitats, wetlands, marshes, and grasslands near water Behaviour: Diurnal, swift, and good swimmer
50	Western Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae elegans)	Size: Up to 13 inches (33 cm) Color: Brown or gray with light spots Habitat: Forests, fields, and wetlands Behaviour: Fossorial and nocturnal
51	Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis)	Size: Up to 14 inches (35.5 cm) Color: Brown to black on the back and pink or light brown on the belly Habitat: Deciduous forests, grasslands, and suburban areas with moist soil Behaviour: Secretive, nocturnal, and burrowing

51 Snakes You Can Find in Illinois

In the state of Illinois, a fascinating array of serpents can be found slithering through its diverse landscapes. From venomous to harmless, each species has its unique story to tell. Below, we’ll explore the wonders of these often misunderstood creatures of Illinois, from their natural habitats and behaviors to the challenges they face in our changing world.

1. Black Kingsnake

The Black Kingsnake (Lampropeltis nigra) is a non-venomous snake that can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) long, featuring a solid black color with white speckles. Commonly found in woodlands, forests, and grasslands of Illinois, these nocturnal and terrestrial creatures have a diverse diet including mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 5-20. Currently, their conservation status is listed as least concern, indicating a stable population in the wild.

2. Black Rat Snake

Pantherophis obsoletus, commonly known as Black Rat Snake, can grow up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) long, with a black and dark-blotched coloring. These non-venomous reptiles inhabit forests, grasslands, and urban areas of Illinois, showcasing diurnal and semi-arboreal behavior. Their diet consists of rodents, birds, and eggs. Female Black Rat Snakes lay eggs in clutches of 5-30 during the reproduction season. Although not endangered, these snakes play an important role in controlling rodent populations.

3. Blue Racer

The Blue Racer (Coluber constrictor foxii), also known as the Eastern Racer, is a non-venomous snake found in grassy or open habitats, including meadows, brushy areas, and woodland edges. Measuring up to 5 feet (1.5 meters), it has a blue or greenish-blue coloration. Active during the day, the Blue Racer preys on rodents, birds, insects, and other small animals that are commonly found in Illinois. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 8-29. The conservation status of this species is currently classified as “Least Concern.”

4. Bullsnake

The Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi), a non-venomous constrictor, measures 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) and exhibits a brown or yellowish color with dark blotches. Found in grasslands, deserts, woodlands, and agricultural areas, these diurnal and terrestrial snakes primarily feed on rodents, rabbits, ground-nesting birds, and eggs. During the reproduction, the female Bullsnake lays egg clutches ranging from 5-22. With a conservation status listed as “Least Concern”, the Bullsnake is not currently under threat in Illinois.

5. Chicago Garter Snake

The Chicago Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis semifasciatus) is a non-venomous species reaching up to 48 inches (1.22 meters) in length. It boasts green, brown, or gray scales with striking yellow longitudinal stripes along its body. These diurnal and terrestrial creatures inhabit wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, and urban areas. Their diet consists of earthworms, frogs, toads, slugs, and small mammals. Reproduction involves laying eggs in clutches of 10-40. Its conservation status is currently classified as Least Concern.

6. Copperbelly Water Snake

Copperbelly Water Snake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta) is a non-venomous reptile that grows up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) long. Sporting a distinctive copper-red or orange belly and dark brown or black back, this semi-aquatic, nocturnal snake inhabits wetland areas, such as marshes, swamps, and ponds. It primarily feeds on fish and amphibians. Copperbelly Water Snakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 10-30. Currently, their conservation status is considered threatened.

7. Diamond-backed Water Snake

The Diamond-backed Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer) is a non-venomous reptile measuring 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) in length. Its olive-green or brown skin features dark diamond patterns, providing excellent camouflage in its freshwater habitat which includes lakes, rivers, and swamps. As a diurnal and nocturnal creature, this adept swimmer mainly feeds on fish, amphibians, and small reptiles. The species reproduces through live birth, with each litter consisting of 13-60 young. Currently, it holds a conservation status of Least Concern.

8. Dusty Hognose Snake

The Dusty Hognose Snake (Heterodon gloydi) is a grayish-brown reptile measuring 15-33 inches (38-84 cm) in length, featuring dark blotches on its skin. Inhabiting sandhills, grasslands, and prairies, this diurnal snake is known for playing dead as a defense mechanism. Its diet consists of toads, frogs, and small reptiles. The Dusty Hognose Snake reproduces by laying eggs with 4-23 per clutch. Possessing mild venom with rear fangs, this species is harmless to humans. Although there is insufficient data about its conservation status, it is likely of least concern.

9. Eastern coachwhip snake

The Eastern Coachwhip Snake (Masticophis flagellum flagellum) is a non-venomous, fast-moving reptile that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. Exhibiting a variable coloration, it typically appears as black to brown with a light gray or tan underside. This diurnal snake can be found in diverse habitats such as woodlands, grasslands, and scrublands. Its diet consists of lizards, rodents, birds, frogs, and insects. Reproducing by laying clutches of 5-16 eggs, the Eastern Coachwhip’s conservation status is currently classified as least concern.

10. Eastern Fox Snake

The Eastern Fox Snake (Pantherophis gloydi) is a non-venomous reptile, reaching up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. It has a yellowish or light brown color, adorned with dark blotches. Commonly found in wetlands, meadows, and woodland edges, this nocturnal and terrestrial creature feeds primarily on rodents, birds, and eggs. During the reproduction process, Eastern Fox Snakes lay eggs in clutches of 8-27. Though marked as “least concern” in conservation status, their survival is vital to maintaining ecological balance.

11. Eastern Garter Snake

The Eastern Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis) is a commonly found snake species that can grow up to 2-4.5 feet (0.6-1.4 meters) in length. It displays a brown, green, or gray coloration adorned with three yellow stripes. Inhabitants of forests, grasslands, wetlands and urban areas, these diurnal and terrestrial reptiles primarily feed on earthworms, amphibians, fish, and small mammals. Eastern Garter Snakes reproduce by laying 10-40 eggs per clutch, and although they are mildly venomous, their venom poses little risk to humans. They are currently classified under the least concern category in conservation status.

12. Eastern Hog-nosed Snake

The Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos) is a moderately-sized serpent, reaching lengths of 20-33 inches (51-84 cm). Its coloration is highly variable, typically exhibiting brown or gray hues with dark blotches. Inhabiting woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas, this diurnal snake is known for playing dead when threatened. Its diet mainly consists of toads, along with other amphibians and small mammals. It reproduces by laying 4-60 eggs per clutch, has mild venom harmless to humans, and is classified as of “Least Concern” in conservation efforts.

13. Eastern Massasauga

The Eastern Massasauga (Sistrurus catenatus), a gray or light brown rattlesnake with dark brown blotches, measures 18-30 inches (45-76 cm) in length. Found in wetlands, grasslands, and forests, it is solitary and adapts its behavior with temperatureódiurnal during cooler months and crepuscular or nocturnal in warmer months. Its diet consists of small mammals, amphibians, and sometimes birds. The snake reproduces by giving live birth to 5-20 offspring. While venomous, its bite is rarely fatal. It is currently considered a threatened species.

14. Eastern Milksnake

The Eastern Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum) is a non-venomous snake that grows up to 3.9 feet (1.2 meters) in length. It features a reddish-brown color adorned with Y-shaped black-edged white bands. Commonly found in forests, grasslands, farmlands, and rocky areas of Illinois, this nocturnal and terrestrial snake primarily consumes rodents, small birds, and reptiles. Eastern Milksnakes reproduce by laying egg clutches of 3-20. Currently, their conservation status is listed as least concern.

15. Eastern Ribbon Snake

The Eastern Ribbon Snake, scientifically known as Thamnophis sauritus sauritus, is a non-venomous reptile measuring 18-34 inches (45-86 cm). It inhabits wetlands, swamps, and marshes near water and features a distinctive black, greenish, or brown color with three light stripes. Known for their daytime activity and skittish behavior, these snakes are excellent swimmers with a diet comprising frogs, toads, small fish, and insects. They reproduce by laying 3-27 eggs, sometimes communally with other snakes. Their conservation status is of least concern.

16. Flat-headed Snake

The Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis) is a small, non-venomous reptile measuring 7-12 inches in length. It sports a brown or reddish-brown body with a distinct black head and a yellow neck band. Native to grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas, this nocturnal and secretive snake primarily feeds on centipedes and other small invertebrates. Flat-headed snakes reproduce by laying eggs, with each clutch consisting of 1-3 eggs. Currently, their conservation status is classified as least concern.

17. Graham’s Crayfish Snake

Regina grahamii, commonly known as Graham’s Crayfish Snake, is a non-venomous aquatic species that measures between 18-42 inches in length. Its brown or olive-brown coloration is marked with dark spots. This nocturnal and secretive snake inhabits wetlands, lakes, ponds, and slow-moving streams. Its primary diet consists of crayfish, supplemented by small fish and amphibians. The snake lays eggs in clutches of 5-25, and its conservation status is currently classified as “least concern.”

18. Gray Rat Snake

The Gray Rat Snake (Pantherophis spiloides) is a non-venomous species that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. These snakes are characterized by a grayish color and dark brown or black blotches scattered across their body. Their natural habitats include forests, grasslands, and wetlands, where they adopt a nocturnal, semi-arboreal lifestyle. The Gray Rat Snake primarily feeds on rodents, birds, and eggs, and reproduces by laying clutches of 6-25 eggs. Its conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

19. Great Plains Rat Snake

The Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi) is a non-venomous snake species that can reach up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. They exhibit gray or brown coloring with dark blotches and inhabit grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands of Illinois. These snakes are primarily nocturnal and terrestrial, preying on rodents, birds, and eggs to maintain a healthy diet. Females lay eggs in clutches of 5-20, contributing to their conservation status of “least concern.”

20. Kirtland’s Snake

Kirtland’s Snake (Clonophis kirtlandii) is a non-venomous reptile that grows up to 24 inches in length. It has a gray or brown coloration with a red or orange belly adorned with black spots. This secretive, burrowing snake thrives in habitats such as wet meadows, prairies, marshes, and woodland edges. Primarily feeding on earthworms, slugs, and snails, Kirtland’s Snake is oviparous, laying clutches of 3-11 eggs during late spring or early summer. Currently, it holds a “near threatened” conservation status.

21. Lined Snake

The Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum) is a small, non-venomous species, growing up to 20 inches (51 cm). It has a gray or tan colored body with dark stripes, adapted to living in grasslands, prairies, and urban areas. Being nocturnal and fossorial, this reptile primarily feeds on earthworms, slugs, and soft-bodied insects. Lined Snakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 2-12. With a conservation status of least concern, they remain a thriving species.

22. Midland Brown Snake

The Midland Brown Snake (Storeria dekayi wrightorum) is a small, non-venomous reptile measuring up to 20 inches in length. This grayish-brown snake features dark neck spots and thrives in grassy fields, forests, wetlands, and urban environments of Illinois. Secretive and terrestrial, they primarily consume slugs, snails, and earthworms. Their reproduction comprises laying 3-21 eggs at a time. The Midland Brown Snake is currently classified as being of least concern in conservation efforts.

23. Midland Water Snake

The Midland Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon pleuralis) is a semi-aquatic reptile that grows up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) and features a dark brown or reddish-brown color with lighter banding. Primarily nocturnal, they inhabit various aquatic environments, such as lakes, ponds, rivers, and streams. Their diet consists of fish and amphibians, and they lay eggs in clutches of 10-40. Although non-venomous, they are often mistakenly identified as venomous species. Their conservation status is listed as least concern.

24. MidWestern Wormsnake

The Midwestern Wormsnake (Carphophis amoenus helenae) is a small, non-venomous serpent, measuring 8-11 inches (20-28 cm) in length. Its shiny black or dark brown dorsal scales contrast with a vibrant pinkish-orange underside. This nocturnal species inhabits moist woodlands, fields, and forest edges, burrowing beneath the earth. Its diet primarily consists of earthworms and soft-bodied insects. The snake lays 1-8 eggs during late spring or early summer. With a conservation status of “least concern,” this snake’s population remains stable in its buzzing environment.

25. Mississippi Green Water Snake

The Mississippi Green Water Snake (Nerodia cyclopion) is a non-venomous, nocturnal, semiaquatic species measuring 30-45 inches in length. Sporting a dark green or brownish color with dark bands and a yellowish belly, this snake thrives in swamps, marshes, and slow-moving rivers. Its diet consists of fish, amphibians, and other aquatic animals. As a live-bearing (viviparous) reptile, it is classified as Least Concern in terms of conservation status.

26. Mississippi Ringneck Snake

The Mississippi Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus stictogenys) is a small, nocturnal reptile measuring 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) in length. Its slate gray to black body features a distinctive yellow to orange neck ring. Favoring forests, woodlands, and grasslands, this secretive, burrow-dwelling snake primarily feeds on earthworms, slugs, small salamanders, and insects. Though it possesses weak venom, it poses no danger to humans. Mississippi Ringneck Snakes lay 3-10 eggs per clutch and are listed as a species of least concern for conservation.

27. Northern Copperhead

The Northern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) is a venomous snake found in deciduous forests, mixed woodlands, rocky areas, and near streams. It measures 24 to 36 inches (61 to 91 cm) in length, occasionally reaching 4 feet (1.2 meters). Copperheads are copper-colored and have dark brown bands on their bodies. These crepuscular ambush predators primarily prey on small mammals, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. They reproduce by giving birth to live young, with 4-14 offspring per litter. Though venomous, their bites are usually not fatal to humans. Their conservation status is currently classified as “least concern.”

28. Northern Red-bellied Snake

The Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata) is a small, non-venomous reptile native to the United States. Measuring up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) in length, this species is characterized by its gray or brown coloration with a distinctive red or orange underside. Inhabiting deciduous forests, meadows, and wetlands, the nocturnal, terrestrial creature feeds primarily on slugs, snails, and earthworms. It is live-bearing, giving birth to 5-20 offspring at a time. Currently, the Northern Red-bellied Snake is considered to be of least concern for conservation efforts.

29. Northern Ribbon Snake

The Northern Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis sauritus septentrionalis) is a non-venomous reptile measuring 18-24 inches (46-61 cm) long with a black or brown color and distinctive yellow or white stripes. Predominantly found residing in wetlands, marshes, and swamps of Illinois, these skilled swimmers are active during the day and feed on a diet of small amphibians, fish, and insects. Reproduction involves laying egg clutches ranging from 3 to 12. Although not threatened, they remain conserved under the “least concern” category of conservation status.

30. Northern Ringneck Snake

The Northern Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus edwardsii) is a small, mildly venomous snake native to North America, measuring 12-15 inches in length, rarely reaching up to 24 inches. Its body color varies from gray to black and features a distinctive yellow or orange ring around its neck. The species inhabits woodlands, rock outcrops, and grasslands, exhibiting nocturnal, secretive, and terrestrial behavior. Its diet consists of small invertebrates, slugs, earthworms, and small amphibians. These snakes reproduce by laying egg clutches of 3-10 and pose no threat to humans. Their conservation status is listed as least concern.

31. Northern Scarlet Snake

The Northern Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea copei) is a non-venomous, nocturnal reptile, measuring 14-20 inches (36-51 cm). Their vibrant red or orange color is highlighted by black-bordered white or yellow bands. Inhabiting forests, woodlands, and grasslands, they are known for their burrowing behavior. The diet of this species comprises reptile eggs, lizards, and small snakes. Female Northern Scarlet Snakes lay eggs in clutches of 3-9, and their conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

32. Northern Water Snake

The Northern Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon) is a non-venomous reptile that can grow up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) in length. It is characterized by its brown or gray color with dark bands or blotches. This nocturnal and semi-aquatic species can be found in a variety of aquatic habitats, including rivers, lakes, ponds, and marshes. Its diet consists of fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Northern Water Snakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 10-30, and currently have a conservation status of least concern.

33. Plain-bellied Watersnake

The Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster) is a semi-aquatic, non-venomous snake measuring 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) in length. It features an olive, brown, or gray coloration with a distinct yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly. As adept swimmers, they inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands, with diurnal behavior. Their diet primarily consists of fish, frogs, and other amphibians. These snakes are live-bearing, producing 5-29 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

34. Plains Garter Snake

The Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix) is a non-venomous reptile characterized by its brown or gray color with yellow or orange stripes. Typically measuring 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) in length, it thrives in grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources. These diurnal, semi-aquatic snakes are known for their swimming prowess. They feed primarily on earthworms, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Mating results in live births, producing 6-80 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

35. Prairie Kingsnake

The Prairie Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) is a non-venomous reptile that measures 30-42 inches (76-107cm) in length. It has a gray or light brown color, adorned with dark blotches. Commonly found in grasslands, farmlands, and woodlands, Prairie Kingsnakes are terrestrial and nocturnal by nature. Their diet includes rodents, birds, lizards, and amphibians. During reproduction, they lay clutches containing 5-17 eggs. Currently, the Prairie Kingsnake’s conservation status is listed as least concern.

36. Prairie Ringneck Snake

The Prairie Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi) is a small reptile measuring 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) in length, characterized by its gray or olive coloring and distinctive yellow or orange ring around its neck. These snakes are native to prairies, grasslands, and woodlands, leading a predominantly nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling lifestyle. Their diet consists of earthworms, slugs, small salamanders, and insects. They lay eggs in clutches of 3-10 and possess weak venom which poses no threat to humans. Currently, their conservation status is listed as “least concern.”

37. Queen Snake

The Queen Snake (Regina septemvittata) is a non-venomous reptile growing up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) in length. Often sporting olive, brown, or gray coloration, this snake displays three distinctive stripes and a yellowish belly. It thrives in aquatic habitats such as streams and creeks, and is highly active during the day. Queen Snakes primarily feed on crayfish and other small aquatic invertebrates. They lay eggs in clutches of 4-14, and currently face no significant conservation threats.

38. Red Milksnake

The Red Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum syspila) is a non-venomous snake that can grow up to 40 inches (1 meter) in length. They exhibit a striking red or reddish-pink color, adorned with black-bordered white bands. Commonly found in forests, grasslands, farmlands, and rocky slopes, these nocturnal and secretive creatures mainly consume rodents, lizards, and bird eggs. Reproduction involves laying eggs in clutches of 4-14. With a conservation status of “Least concern,” Red Milksnakes are not currently endangered.

39. Rough Green Snake

The Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus) is a vibrant, non-venomous reptile that measures between 22-32 inches (56-81 cm) in length. Its dazzling bright green coloration is accentuated by a lighter belly, making it well-camouflaged in its preferred habitats of forests, grasslands, and areas near water sources. Known for their diurnal, arboreal behavior, these skillful climbers of Illinois primarily consume insects and spiders. Rough Green Snakes reproduce by laying clutches of 3-12 eggs, and their conservation status is currently classified as least concern.

40. Smooth Green Snake

The Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis) measures 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) and is characterized by its vibrant green color and lighter belly. Commonly found in grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands, this diurnal and terrestrial reptile is an adept climber. Its diet mainly consists of insects and spiders. In terms of reproduction, they lay eggs in clutches of 3-12. Though non-venomous, these snakes should be admired from afar. Fortunately, their conservation status is currently listed as ‘Least Concern.’

41. Southern Black Racer

The Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus) is a striking, non-venomous snake averaging around 6 feet in length. Its sleek, black body contrasts with a white or gray chin and throat, allowing it to blend into various habitats like forests, grasslands, and urban areas. These diurnal, swift reptiles feed on rodents, frogs, lizards, birds, and insects. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 10-30, contributing to their conservation status of least concern.

42. Southern Copperhead

The Southern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) is a venomous snake species found in forests, swamps, and grasslands. Measuring up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) in length, this snake has a reddish-brown or coppery color with distinct dark bands. As a nocturnal and terrestrial creature, its diet consists of small mammals, birds, frogs, and insects. The Southern Copperhead is live-bearing, producing 1-14 offspring per litter. While its venom is rarely fatal to humans, it is a species of least concern in terms of conservation.

43. Southern Watersnake

The Southern Watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) is a semi-aquatic, nocturnal reptile, growing up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. It has a gray or brown coloration with dark bands and thrives in aquatic habitats such as swamps, marshes, and rivers of Illinois. This non-venomous snake primarily feeds on fish, frogs, and small mammals. Reproducing through laying egg clutches of 10-30, the Southern Watersnake has a conservation status of “least concern” due to its widespread and stable population.

44. Speckled Kingsnake

The Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki) is a non-venomous reptile that grows up to 4 feet in length. Sporting a tan or light brown color with dark brown or black speckles, this snake dwells in forests, grasslands, and scrublands. As a diurnal and terrestrial creature, it preys on small mammals, birds, and reptiles during the day. Speckled Kingsnakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 4-12, and are currently categorized as least concern in terms of conservation status.

45. Timber Rattlesnake

The Timber Rattlesnake, scientifically known as Crotalus horridus, is a solitary, ambush predator that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. It comes in various colors, including yellow, brown, gray, or black with dark bands, and inhabits forests, mixed woodlands, and rocky hillsides. Its diet consists of rodents, birds, and small mammals. Unlike most snakes, the Timber Rattlesnake is viviparous, giving birth to 4-14 live young. It possesses hemotoxic venom, and its conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

46. Western Cottonmouth

The Western Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) is a venomous snake native to the southern United States. Growing up to 3.5 feet (1.06 meters) long, it has a dark brown or black coloration with faint banding. These snakes inhabit forests, swamps, and marshes close to water sources and are primarily nocturnal. They display aggressive behavior when threatened and feed on fish, frogs, small mammals, birds, and other snakes. As ovoviviparous creatures, they give birth to live young in broods of 1-16. Their cytotoxic venom can be dangerous to humans, but they have a conservation status of least concern.

47. Western Foxsnake

The Western Foxsnake (Pantherophis ramspotti) is a non-venomous snake species typically measuring 3 to 5 feet in length. Its coloration ranges from light brown to golden brown and is adorned with dark brown to black blotches. Commonly found in grasslands, woodlands, and farmlands, these snakes are mainly nocturnal and exhibit excellent climbing abilities. Their diet consists of rodents, birds, and bird eggs. Western Foxsnakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 10 to 20, and their conservation status is listed as Least Concern.

48. Western Mud Snake

The Western Mud Snake (Farancia abacura reinwardtii) is a non-venomous, nocturnal species that can grow up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) in length. It has a striking appearance, featuring a black or dark brown coloration with a red or pink belly. These secretive creatures thrive in swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams, where they primarily feed on fish, amphibians, and eel-like animals. Their reproduction involves laying egg clutches consisting of 4-24 eggs. As of now, their conservation status is listed as least concern.

49. Western Ribbonsnake

The Western Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus) is a slender reptile measuring 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) in length, characterized by its black or dark brown coloration adorned with three bright yellow or white stripes. Commonly found in semi-aquatic habitats such as wetlands, marshes, and grasslands near water, this diurnal creature is a swift swimmer, preying primarily on fish, frogs, and tadpoles. The non-venomous species reproduces by laying egg clutches of 3-26, and has a conservation status of ‘Least Concern’.

50. Western Smooth Earth Snake

The Western Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae elegans) is a small, non-venomous species, reaching up to 13 inches (33 cm) in length. They exhibit brown or gray coloration with light spots. These fossorial and nocturnal creatures reside in forests, fields, and wetlands, primarily feeding on earthworms and small insects. The species reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 2-9. With a conservation status of “Least Concern,” these snakes do not currently face significant threats.

51. Western Wormsnake

The Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis) is a non-venomous, small-sized reptile reaching up to 14 inches (35.5 cm) in length. It exhibits a distinct color pattern of brown-to-black on its back and pink or light brown on its belly. Inhabiting deciduous forests, grasslands, and moist suburban areas, this elusive, nocturnal creature primarily burrows underground and feeds on earthworms and soft-bodied invertebrates. Western Wormsnakes lay small egg clutches (1-8) and have a conservation status of Least Concern.

Nearby States:

• Snakes in Indiana
• Snakes in Iowa

Are Snakes in Nebraska Similar to Those Found in Illinois?

While both Nebraska and Illinois have a variety of snake species, the environments differ slightly, leading to some variation. For example, snakes commonly found in nebraska, like the Prairie Kingsnake, may not always be present in Illinois, where species such as the Eastern Foxsnake are more prevalent due to habitat differences.

Final Words

All the 51 snakes have truly opened our eyes to the fascinating world of snakes found in Illinois. Who knew there were so many different types of these slithering reptiles, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats?

Not only did we get a chance to learn about some of the more common and well-known species, but we also delved into the lesser-known and often misunderstood ones.

So, the next time you’re out and about in Illinois, keep an eye out for these incredible creatures, and let’s continue to appreciate and protect the diverse wildlife that makes our world so interesting!

Resources:

• Place and Public Land Conflicts in the Shawnee Hills
• eRead Illinois Axis 360 Current Collection
• following sub-sections: 1) languageintroduction, grade 6, …