Snakes in Arizona: Rattling Desert Adventures

Did you know that Arizona is a snake lover’s paradise? With 59 different species slithering around the state, you’re bound to stumble upon a few during your desert adventures.

From the famous rattlesnakes to the less-known gopher snakes, Arizona has a little bit of everything for the curious reptile admirer. Don’t worry, most of these snakes are harmless and are just as eager to avoid you as you are to avoid them.

So, let’s dive in and explore the diverse world of Arizona’s serpents. Grab your boots, and let’s get ready to meet some of the most fascinating creatures of the Southwest!

#	Name	Details	Image
1	Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Black or dark gray with black bands Habitat: Forests, woodlands, and rocky terrain Behaviour: Hibernate in groups during winter, solitary predators
2	Arizona Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi)	Size: Up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) Color: Brown or gray with dark bands Habitat: Pine-oak forests, canyons, and mountain slopes Behaviour: Primarily diurnal, but nocturnal during very hot weather
3	Ball Python (Python regius)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Brown or black with dark brown blotches Habitat: Grasslands, savannas, and near forests Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
4	Banded Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi)	Size: 16-33 inches (40-84 cm) Color: Gray or blue-gray with dark bands Habitat: Rocky habitats, including canyons, cliffs, and slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
5	Black-Necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Olive green or brownish with yellow or red stripes Habitat: Near water sources, such as streams and ponds, in grasslands, forests, and rocky areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
6	Brahminy Blind Snake (Indotyphlops braminus)	Size: 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) Color: Uniform brown, grey, or purple Habitat: Grasslands, gardens, and urban areas Behaviour: Fossorial and nocturnal
7	Brown Vine Snake (Oxybelis aeneus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.83 meters) Color: Brown to olive-green with lighter underbelly Habitat: Tropical forests and savannas Behaviour: Diurnal and arboreal
8	California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Black or brown with white or yellow bands Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and deserts Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
9	Central Plains Milksnake (Lampropeltis gentilis)	Size: 16-32 inches (40-81 cm) Color: Reddish-brown with alternating light and dark bands Habitat: Prairies, woodlands, and rocky hillsides Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
10	Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus)	Size: 18-42 inches (46-106 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or black with checkered pattern Habitat: Near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-aquatic
11	Chihuahuan Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla cucullata)	Size: Up to 12 inches (30 centimeters) Color: Black head, reddish-brown to brown body Habitat: Desert and semi-desert regions, including grasslands and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
12	Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum)	Size: Up to 15 inches (38 centimeters) Color: Gray or beige with dark bands Habitat: Deserts, scrublands, and rocky slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
13	Chihuahuan Nightsnake (Hypsiglena jani)	Size: Up to 2 feet (61 cm) Color: Tan or light brown with dark blotches Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and rocky outcrops Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
14	Coachwhip Snake (Masticophis flagellum)	Size: Up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) Color: Variety of colors, including tan, brown, pink, and black Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
15	Desert Kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida)	Size: 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) Color: Black or dark brown with yellow or white bands Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and secretive
16	Desert Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus edwardsii)	Size: 15-30 inches (38-76 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark brown blotches Habitat: Desert grasslands and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
17	Desert Night Snake (Eridiphas slevini)	Size: 12 to 26 inches (30 to 66 cm) Color: Pale brown or gray with dark brown spots Habitat: Deserts, semiarid habitats, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive
18	Eastern Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora deserticola)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark patches Habitat: Desert, semi-arid scrublands, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and ground-dwelling
19	Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Desert, grassland, and scrub habitats Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
20	Grand Canyon Pink Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus abyssus)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Pink or pale orange with dark bands Habitat: Rocky terrain, along cliffs and canyon walls Behaviour: Well-camouflaged ambush predator
21	Great Basin Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus lutosus)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Brown or gray with brown blotches Habitat: Desert, rocky areas, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
22	Green Ratsnake (Senticolis triaspis)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Bright green with a pale yellow underside Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
23	Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata)	Size: 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) Color: Various colors, often brown or reddish with dark bands or blotches Habitat: Grasslands, deserts, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
24	Long-Nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei)	Size: Up to 30 – 52 inches (76 – 132 cm) Color: Black or brown with red, cream, or white bands Habitat: Semi-arid or desert areas, grasslands, scrublands, and rocky terrain Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and non-aggressive
25	Mexican Gartersnake (Thamnophis eques)	Size: Up to 46 inches (117 centimeters) Color: Brown or olive with light stripes Habitat: Riparian habitats, marshes, and ponds Behaviour: Diurnal and primarily aquatic
26	Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi)	Size: Up to 39 inches (1 meter) Color: Light brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Desert, scrublands, and grasslands Behaviour: Diurnal and fossorial
27	Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor)	Size: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) Color: Light gray or tan with faded blotches Habitat: Rocky slopes, sagebrush deserts, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
28	Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)	Size: 24-54 inches (61-137 cm) Color: Light brown or greenish with diamond-shaped patterns Habitat: Desert, scrublands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, aggressive when threatened
29	Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Olive, greenish-brown, or grey with black spots Habitat: Streams, rivers, and riparian areas Behaviour: Diurnal, terrestrial, and aquatic
30	New Mexico Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops dissectus)	Size: Up to 7.5 inches (19 centimeters) Color: Light pink or brown Habitat: Desert, grasslands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
31	Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus)	Size: 24-42 inches (61-107 cm) Color: Brown or gray with dark bands and a black tail Habitat: Mountainous habitats, pine-oak woodlands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators
32	Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps)	Size: 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with a black head Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
33	Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)	Size: 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) Color: Greenish or brownish with dark bands and a rattle on the tail Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators
34	Racer (Coluber constrictor)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Black, blue, gray or green with white or cream underbelly Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
35	Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus)	Size: 12-15 inches (30-38 centimeters) Color: Gray or dark brown with yellow or orange ring around the neck Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive, often hiding under rocks or logs
36	Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata)	Size: Up to 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) Color: Tan, brown or gray with darker bands Habitat: Rocky habitats, grasslands, and desert areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and ground-dwelling
37	Saddled Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus)	Size: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) Color: Gray or beige with dark saddles Habitat: Desert, dry rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
38	Sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes)	Size: 15-32 inches (38-81 cm) Color: Pale sandy color with darker irregular bands Habitat: Deserts and arid regions Behaviour: Nocturnal, sidewinding locomotion
39	Smith’s Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi)	Size: Up to 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) Color: Black head with a yellow, orange, or reddish body Habitat: Grasslands, shrublands, deserts, and forests Behaviour: Diurnal and secretive
40	Sonoran Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)	Size: Up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) Color: Red, yellow, and black bands Habitat: Deserts, rocky areas, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
41	Sonoran Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer affinis)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Light brown or tan with dark brown or black blotches Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal, terrestrial, and good climbers
42	Sonoran Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon lambda)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark, saddle-like bands Habitat: Deserts, rocky canyons, and shrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
43	Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake (Lampropeltis pyromelana)	Size: Up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) Color: Bright red, black, and white bands Habitat: Forests or rocky hillsides, often near water sources Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
44	Sonoran Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis palarostris)	Size: Up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) Color: Cream or light grey with dark bands Habitat: Desert and semi-arid regions Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
45	Sonoran Whipsnake (Masticophis bilineatus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Green or olive with two yellowish stripes Habitat: Arid and semi-arid habitats, including desert scrub and grasslands Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
46	Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus pyrrhus)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Gray, tan, or pinkish with dark speckles and bands Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and rocky hillsides Behaviour: Nocturnal, ambush predator
47	Spotted Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus)	Size: Up to 20 inches (50 centimeters) Color: Tan or pale gray with dark spots Habitat: Desert scrublands and sandy areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
48	Striped Whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.83 meters) Color: Black, green or blue with yellowish stripes Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Fast-moving, diurnal, and ground-dwelling
49	Thornscrub Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum)	Size: Up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) Color: Pale pink or light tan base color with dark pink or reddish blotches Habitat: Deserts and arid thornscrub regions Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive and burrowing
50	Three-Lined Boa (Lichanura trivirgata)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Tan, brown or gray with black or dark brown stripes Habitat: Deserts, shrublands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
51	Tiger Rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris)	Size: Up to 36 inches (91 cm) Color: Light gray with dark bands or blotches Habitat: Rocky desert areas and hillsides Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and secretive
52	Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei)	Size: Up to 2 to 2.5 feet (60-76 cm) Color: Gray, brown, or greenish with dual rows of dark spots Habitat: High elevation, rocky habitats in mountains and forests Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
53	Variable Sandsnake (Echis carinatus)	Size: Up to 3 feet (90 cm) Color: Light brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Semi-deserts, sandy regions, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
54	Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Gray-brown or pinkish-brown with diamond-shaped patterns Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
55	Western Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora hexalepis)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Light brown or gray with dark brown or black spots Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and shrublands Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
56	Western Shovelnose Snake (Tropidechis carinatus)	Size: Up to 50 cm (20 inches) Color: Light brown with darker bands Habitat: Arid or semi-arid habitats, including sandy and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
57	Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans)	Size: 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters) Color: Brown or greenish background with three yellow stripes Habitat: Woodlands, grasslands, and near freshwater sources Behaviour: Diurnal and active primarily on the ground
58	Western Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops humilis)	Size: Up to 10.6 inches (27 cm) Color: Uniform dark brown or pinkish Habitat: Desert regions and dry grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrows in loose soil
59	Yaqui Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla yaquia)	Size: Up to 10 inches (25 centimeters) Color: Black head and light tan to dark brown body Habitat: Desert, grasslands and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial

59 Snakes You Can Find in Arizona

In the state of Arizona, a fascinating array of serpents can be found slithering through its diverse landscapes. From venomous to harmless, each species has its unique story to tell. Below, we’ll explore the wonders of these often misunderstood creatures of Arizona, from their natural habitats and behaviors to the challenges they face in our changing world.

1. Arizona Black Rattlesnake

The Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus) is a large reptile that can reach up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. Boasting a black or dark gray coloration with black bands, this species thrives in forests, woodlands, and rocky terrain of Arizona. They are solitary predators and feed on small mammals, lizards, and birds. During winter, they hibernate in groups. The ovoviviparous rattlesnake gives birth to 5-15 live young and possesses hemotoxic venom. Currently, their conservation status is classified as “Least Concern.”

2. Arizona Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake

The Arizona Ridge-Nosed Rattlesnake (Crotalus willardi) is a small, venomous snake, measuring up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) in length. Its coloration ranges from brown or gray with dark bands. This rattlesnake inhabits pine-oak forests, canyons, and mountain slopes of Arizona, exhibiting primarily diurnal behavior, but becoming nocturnal in hot weather. Its diet consists of small mammals, lizards, and bird nestlings. The female gives birth to 2-8 live young, and its venom contains a mild neurotoxin, rarely dangerous to humans. It is currently considered a species of least concern for conservation.

3. Ball Python

The Ball Python (Python regius) is a nocturnal and terrestrial snake species known for its brown or black color, adorned with dark brown blotches. Growing up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length, these non-venomous snakes of Arizona thrive in grasslands, savannas, and near forests. Ball Pythons primarily consume small mammals and birds as part of their diet. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 3 to 11. With a conservation status listed as “least concern,” Ball Pythons remain commonly found in their habitats.

4. Banded Rock Rattlesnake

The Banded Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi) is a venomous snake of Arizona measuring 16-33 inches (40-84 cm) in length. These nocturnal reptiles exhibit a gray or blue-gray color with distinct dark bands on their scales. They inhabit rocky terrains such as canyons, cliffs, and slopes, feeding primarily on small mammals, lizards, and birds. As viviparous snakes, they give live birth to 2-8 offspring per litter. Though venomous, their bites are not highly dangerous to humans, and their conservation status is listed as Least Concern.

5. Black-Necked Garter Snake

The Black-Necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis) is a species of snake that can grow up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) in length. They exhibit an olive green or brownish coloration with yellow or red stripes. These mildly venomous reptiles of Arizona inhabit areas near water sources such as streams and ponds, and can also be found in grasslands, forests, and rocky terrains. They are diurnal, terrestrial creatures that feed on small fish, amphibians, and invertebrates. Black-Necked Garter Snakes are oviparous, laying 10-40 eggs in a clutch. Despite their venomous nature, they pose no harm to humans and are currently listed as being of “Least Concern” in terms of conservation status.

6. Brahminy Blind Snake

The Brahminy Blind Snake (Indotyphlops braminus) is a small, non-venomous snake measuring 2-4 inches long. It displays uniform brown, grey, or purple coloration and lives in grasslands, gardens, and urban areas. Exhibiting fossorial and nocturnal behavior, they primarily feed on termites and ant larvae. Uniquely, this species reproduces through parthenogenesis, resulting in 2-8 genetically identical offspring. Despite their conservation status being of least concern, they remain elusive and rarely seen by humans.

7. Brown Vine Snake

The Brown Vine Snake (Oxybelis aeneus) is a slender, arboreal reptile that can grow up to 6 feet (1.83 meters) in length. These snakes have a brown to olive-green coloration with a lighter underbelly, inhabiting tropical forests and savannas. Actively hunting during the day, their diet mainly consists of lizards, frogs, birds, and small mammals. They lay eggs in clutches of 2-5 and while these Arizona dwellers are mildly venomous, their venom poses no threat to humans. Their conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

8. California Kingsnake

The California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is a non-venomous snake found throughout California’s diverse habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts. They can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length and are usually black or brown with white or yellow bands. Being nocturnal and terrestrial, they mainly feed on rodents, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. These snakes reproduce by laying egg clutches ranging from 3 to 24 eggs. Fortunately, their conservation status is classified as “Least Concern.”

9. Central Plains Milksnake

Its scientific name is Lampropeltis gentilis. These cool creatures are between 16-32 inches long and have a stunning reddish-brown color with alternating light and dark bands. They love hanging out in prairies, woodlands, and rocky hillsides. As night owls, they’re nocturnal and terrestrial. They snack on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. When it comes to family, they lay eggs in clutches of 3-13. Don’t worry, they’re non-venomous, and their conservation status is “Least Concern.”

10. Checkered Garter Snake

Introducing the Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus), a stunning serpent dressed in olive, brown, or black with an eye-catching checkered pattern. This slithering beauty, measuring 18-42 inches (46-106 cm), loves to hang out near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands. As a diurnal and semi-aquatic creature, it feasts on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish. Fear not, as their mildly venomous bite is harmless to humans. These live-bearing reptiles can produce 5-40 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

11. Chihuahuan Black-Headed Snake

The Chihuahuan Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla cucullata) is a small, non-venomous snake that grows up to 12 inches (30 centimeters) in length. Sporting a distinctive black head and reddish-brown to brown body, it inhabits desert and semi-desert regions, including grasslands and rocky areas of Arizona. As a nocturnal and fossorial species, this snake primarily feeds on insects, centipedes, and spiders. Their reproduction involves laying small clutches of 1-4 eggs. Currently, their conservation status is classified as least concern.

12. Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake

The Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum) is a small, mildly venomous yet harmless reptile, reaching up to 15 inches (38cm) in length. Identified by its gray or beige coloration with dark bands, this nocturnal and fossorial species is native to deserts, scrublands, and rocky slopes . Their primary diet consists of centipedes, spiders, and insects that are commonly found in Arizona. As for reproduction, they lay eggs in small clutches of 2-4. With a conservation status of “least concern,” their population levels remain relatively stable.

13. Chihuahuan Nightsnake

The Chihuahuan Nightsnake, scientifically known as Hypsiglena jani, is a nocturnal and terrestrial snake of Arizona that measures up to 2 feet (61 cm). It sports a tan or light brown color with dark blotches, and inhabits desert scrub, grasslands, and rocky outcrops. Its diet consists of small lizards, snakes, and amphibians. These mildly venomous snakes reproduce by laying eggs in small clutches of about 2-4. While not harmful to humans, their conservation status is currently listed as “Least Concern.”

14. Coachwhip Snake

The Coachwhip Snake, scientifically known as Masticophis flagellum, is a swift, diurnal serpent native to deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. Growing up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) long, this non-venomous snake displays a variety of colors, from tan, brown, pink, to black. As adept hunters, Coachwhip Snakes primarily feed on lizards, small mammals, and birds. Mating leads to egg clutches ranging from 3-15. Despite their striking appearance, their conservation status remains classified as least concern.

15. Desert Kingsnake

The Desert Kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida) is a non-venomous reptile, typically measuring 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) in length. It has a striking appearance with black or dark brown scales, adorned with yellow or white bands. These nocturnal, terrestrial snakes inhabit deserts, grasslands, and scrublands, often remaining secretive. They primarily feast on rodents, birds, eggs, and other reptiles. Desert Kingsnakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 3-13. Currently, their conservation status is not evaluated on the IUCN Red List.

16. Desert Massasauga

The Desert Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus edwardsii) is a small, venomous rattlesnake measuring 15-30 inches (38-76 cm) in length. It has a gray or light brown coloration with dark brown blotches, and primarily resides in desert grasslands and scrublands. These nocturnal, terrestrial creatures feed on small mammals, lizards, and other reptiles. They reproduce by giving birth to live young, with litters consisting of 3-8 offspring. Though venomous, they pose little danger to humans and are listed as a species of least concern.

17. Desert Night Snake

The Desert Night Snake (Eridiphas slevini) is a small, nocturnal reptile commonly found in deserts, semi-arid habitats, and grasslands. Ranging in size from 12 to 26 inches (30 to 66 cm), its coloration consists of a pale brown or gray base with dark brown spots. Known for being secretive, its diet primarily consists of lizards, small snakes, and amphibians. Reproducing via egg clutches of 4-12, this mildly venomous snake poses no significant threats to humans and falls under the Least Concern conservation status.

18. Eastern Patch-Nosed Snake

The Eastern Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora deserticola) is a non-venomous reptile that can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. With a gray or brown coloration and dark patches, it inhabits various environments, including deserts, semi-arid scrublands, grasslands, and woodlands. This diurnal, ground-dwelling species feeds on lizards, small mammals, birds, and amphibians. During the breeding season, females lay eggs in clutches of 3-13. The Eastern Patch-Nosed Snake has a conservation status of least concern.

19. Glossy Snake

The Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans) is a non-venomous, nocturnal reptile found in desert, grassland, and scrub habitats across North America. Measuring up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length, this resident of Arizona boasts a gray or brown coloration with dark blotches. As a terrestrial creature, the Glossy Snake feeds on small mammals, lizards, and other snakes, and reproduces by laying egg clutches of 3 to 12. With a conservation status of ‘least concern’, it continues to thrive in its native regions.

20. Grand Canyon Pink Rattlesnake

The Grand Canyon Pink Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus abyssus) is a venomous reptile that can reach lengths up to 3.3 feet (1 meter). It has a pink or pale orange color, adorned with dark bands to blend seamlessly into its rocky habitat along cliffs and canyon walls. As an ambush predator, it primarily feeds on rodents, lizards, and birds. These serpents lay eggs in clutches of 4-21 and possess hemotoxic venom. Currently, they are classified as a species of least concern in conservation efforts.

21. Great Basin Rattlesnake

The Great Basin Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus lutosus) is a venomous snake that can grow up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. Its coloration is brown or gray with brown blotches, providing excellent camouflage in its desert, rocky, and woodland habitats. This nocturnal and terrestrial species primarily feeds on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. It reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 4-21. Despite being venomous, its conservation status is listed as least concern.

22. Green Ratsnake

The Green Ratsnake (Senticolis triaspis) is a vibrant reptile known for its bright green color and pale yellow underside. Reaching up to 7 feet in length, this non-venomous snake thrives in diverse habitats such as forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. Primarily active during the day, these diurnal and terrestrial creatures mainly feed on birds, lizards, and small mammals. Reproducing via egg-laying, a Green Ratsnake typically produces a clutch of 3-10 eggs. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

23. Ground Snake

Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata) is a small, non-venomous reptile ranging from 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) in length. Exhibiting various shades of brown or reddish colors, with dark bands or blotches, this elusive species inhabits grasslands, deserts, and woodlands. Nocturnal and secretive, the Ground Snake primarily feeds on insects, spiders, and small arthropods. Mating season yields clutches of 2-7 eggs, and despite their deceptive appearance, these snakes pose no threat to humans, with their conservation status listed as Least Concern.

24. Long-Nosed Snake

The Long-Nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) is a non-venomous reptile that reaches lengths of 30-52 inches (76-132 cm). Its distinct black or brown coloration features red, cream, or white bands. Commonly found in semi-arid or desert areas, grasslands, scrublands, and rocky terrain, this nocturnal creature is terrestrial, non-aggressive, and primarily feeds on rodents, lizards, and small mammals. Long-nosed snakes reproduce by laying clutches of 3-10 eggs, and their conservation status is listed as least concern.

25. Mexican Gartersnake

The Mexican Gartersnake (Thamnophis eques) is a non-venomous species reaching up to 46 inches (117 centimeters) in length, with a brown or olive color and light stripes. This diurnal and primarily aquatic snake thrives in riparian habitats, marshes, and ponds. Feeding on fish, amphibians, and earthworms, the Mexican Gartersnake reproduces by laying clutches of 3-80 eggs. Despite its adaptability, its conservation status remains threatened due to habitat loss and other environmental factors.

26. Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake

Mexican Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi) is a mildly venomous reptile measuring up to 39 inches (1 meter) in length. Featuring a light brown or gray coloration with dark blotches, this diurnal and fossorial species can be found across desert, scrublands, and grasslands. Its diet consists of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Females lay eggs in clutches of 4-23. Despite its venom, it poses no significant risk to humans and is currently listed as a species of least concern.

27. Midget Faded Rattlesnake

The Midget Faded Rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus concolor) is a small, venomous snake growing up to 30 inches (76 cm) long. It has a light gray or tan coloration with faded blotches, making it well camouflaged in its habitat of rocky slopes, sagebrush deserts, and grasslands. The snake is nocturnal and terrestrial, preying on small mammals, lizards, and birds. It reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 4-6, and its venom contains hemotoxins. The conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

28. Mojave Rattlesnake

The Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) is a highly venomous snake native to desert, scrublands, and grasslands of America. Measuring 24-54 inches (61-137 cm) in length, it boasts a light brown or greenish color with distinct diamond-shaped patterns. This nocturnal species feeds on small mammals, birds, and reptiles, and displays aggressive behavior when threatened. Mojave Rattlesnakes are live-bearing, producing 2-17 offspring per litter. Their potent venom contains both neurotoxic and hemotoxic components. Despite their deadly reputation, their conservation status is of least concern.

29. Narrow-Headed Gartersnake

The Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) is a unique snake species found in streams, rivers, and riparian areas. They grow up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) long, showcasing olive, greenish-brown, or grey coloring with black spots. Living a diurnal, terrestrial, and aquatic lifestyle, their diet consists of fish, tadpoles, and frogs. These mildly venomous snakes are not dangerous to humans, they reproduce by giving birth to live young through ovoviviparity. Currently, their conservation status is listed as threatened.

30. New Mexico Threadsnake

The New Mexico Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops dissectus) is a small, non-venomous snake reaching up to 7.5 inches (19 cm) in length, with a light pink or brown color. Found in desert, grassland, and rocky habitats of New Mexico, these nocturnal, fossorial reptiles spend most of their time burrowing underground. Their diet primarily consists of ants and termites. Reproduction involves laying small clutches of 1-2 eggs. Currently, the New Mexico Threadsnake’s conservation status is listed as least concern.

31. Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake

The Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) is a moderately-sized venomous snake, ranging from 24-42 inches (61-107 cm) in length. It displays a distinct brown or gray coloration, featuring dark bands and a black tail. Inhabiting mountainous regions, pine-oak woodlands, and grasslands, this nocturnal rattlesnake acts as an ambush predator, hunting small mammals, birds, and lizards. Northern Blacktails are live-bearing, producing 3-12 offspring per litter. Although venomous, they pose minimal danger to humans and have a conservation status of “Least Concern.”

32. Plains Black-headed Snake

The Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps) is a small, non-venomous reptile, measuring 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) in length. It is characterized by its gray or light brown coloration and distinctive black head. This nocturnal and burrowing snake inhabits desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands, where it primarily feeds on insects, centipedes, and spiders. Reproduction involves laying eggs in small clutches. Despite its unique appearance, it is currently classified as a species of least concern in terms of conservation.

33. Prairie Rattlesnake

The Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) is a venomous snake inhabiting prairies, grasslands, and scrublands. Typically measuring 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) in length, it features a greenish or brownish coloration with dark bands and a distinctive rattle on its tail. As nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators, they mainly feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. These live-bearing snakes, with 4-21 offspring per litter, pose a potential danger to humans though their venom is usually not fatal. Currently, they hold a conservation status of Least Concern.

34. Racer

The Racer (Coluber constrictor) is a non-venomous snake known for its speed, reaching up to 6 feet in length. Its color varies from black, blue, gray, or green with a white or cream underbelly. This diurnal and terrestrial snake thrives in various habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Racers primarily feed on rodents, birds, amphibians, and reptiles. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 5-30 at a time. Currently, Racers hold a “Least concern” conservation status.

35. Ringneck Snake

The Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus) is a small, mildly venomous serpent, measuring 12-15 inches (30-38 centimeters) in length. Exhibiting a gray or dark brown coloration with a distinct yellow or orange ring around its neck, this species prefers habitats including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. As nocturnal, secretive creatures, Ringneck Snakes are found hiding under rocks or logs, feeding on small invertebrates such as insects, worms, and slugs. Reproducing by laying 3-10 eggs per clutch, this snake is presently classified as least concern in terms of conservation status.

36. Rosy Boa

The Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata) is a non-venomous snake known for its distinctive tan, brown, or gray body with darker bands. Measuring up to 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) in length, these reptiles inhabit rocky habitats, grasslands, and desert areas. As nocturnal and ground-dwelling creatures, they primarily feed on small mammals, lizards, and birds. Rosy Boas are live-bearing snakes, giving birth to 4-12 young in a single litter. Their conservation status is listed as least concern.

37. Saddled Leaf-Nosed Snake

The Saddled Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus) is a small reptile, growing up to 20 inches (51 cm) in length. It has a distinctive gray or beige coloration, adorned with dark saddles along its body. This non-venomous snake inhabits desert and dry rocky areas, thriving as a nocturnal and terrestrial species. Its diet mainly consists of insects, arachnids, and small reptiles. The snake reproduces by laying clutches of 1-4 eggs. Currently, its conservation status is classified as “Least Concern.”

38. Sidewinder

Crotalus cerastes, commonly known as the Sidewinder, is a venomous snake measuring 15-32 inches (38-81 cm) in length, with a pale sandy color featuring darker irregular bands. This species inhabits deserts and arid regions, exhibiting nocturnal behavior and sidewinding locomotion. The Sidewinder primarily feeds on small rodents, lizards, and reptiles. An ovoviviparous creature, it gives birth to 5-18 live young. While venomous, its bite is rarely fatal to humans. Its conservation status is classified as least concern.

39. Smith’s Black-Headed Snake

Smith’s Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi) is a small, slender reptile measuring 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) in length. Distinguished by its black head and vibrant yellow, orange, or reddish body, it inhabits various ecosystems, including grasslands, shrublands, deserts, and forests. As a diurnal and secretive creature, it preys on centipedes, scorpions, spiders, and insects. The non-venomous snake lays eggs in small clutches and has a conservation status listed as “Least Concern”.

40. Sonoran Coral Snake

The Sonoran Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus) is a small, vibrantly-colored reptile growing up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) in length. Sporting red, yellow, and black bands, this secretive, nocturnal species inhabits deserts, rocky areas, and grasslands. Their diet primarily consists of small lizards, other snakes, and amphibians. Females lay eggs in clutches of 2-4. Although venomous, their venom is rarely dangerous to humans. The Sonoran Coral Snake holds a conservation status of ‘Least Concern.’

41. Sonoran Gophersnake

The Sonoran Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer affinis) is a non-venomous reptile that can grow up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) in length. With a light brown or tan base color and dark brown or black blotches, this snake is easily recognizable. Found in deserts, grasslands, and woodlands, it is diurnal, terrestrial, and skilled at climbing. Its diet consists mainly of rodents, birds, and eggs. During reproduction, females lay clutches of 3-12 eggs. Thankfully, the species is listed under “Least Concern” in terms of conservation status.

42. Sonoran Lyre Snake

The Sonoran Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon lambda) is a nocturnal and terrestrial reptile that can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. With gray or brown coloring and distinctive dark bands, this snake inhabits deserts, rocky canyons, and shrublands. Its diet primarily consists of rodents, lizards, and bats. The Sonoran Lyre Snake reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 2-12. Although it possesses mild venom, it is not harmful to humans. Currently, this species holds a conservation status of least concern.

43. Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake

The Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake, scientifically known as Lampropeltis pyromelana, is a non-venomous reptile that can grow up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) in length. This striking snake is easily identifiable by its bright red, black, and white bands. Found in forests or rocky hillsides close to water sources, it is nocturnal and secretive by nature. Its diet consists of rodents, lizards, frogs, and other snakes. The species lays eggs in clutches of 3-12 and has a conservation status of least concern.

44. Sonoran Shovel-Nosed Snake

The Sonoran Shovel-Nosed Snake (Chionactis palarostris) is a small snake that grows up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) in length. The distinctive coloration of this Arizona resident consists of cream or light grey scales with dark bands. This non-venomous snake inhabits desert and semi-arid regions, showcasing nocturnal and burrowing behavior. It primarily feeds on insects, such as ants and termites. The species reproduces by laying one to four eggs per clutch and is currently listed as least concern under conservation status.

45. Sonoran Whipsnake

The Sonoran Whipsnake, scientifically known as Masticophis bilineatus, is a non-venomous snake that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. It boasts a green or olive color with two yellowish stripes on its body. Found primarily in arid and semi-arid habitats like desert scrub and grasslands, it is diurnal and fast-moving in nature. Its diet consists of lizards, small mammals, and birds. The Sonoran Whipsnake reproduces by laying 3-12 eggs per clutch and is currently a species of least concern for conservation.

46. Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake

The Southwestern Speckled Rattlesnake (Crotalus pyrrhus) is a species of venomous snake found in deserts, grasslands, and rocky hillsides of the Southwest United States. Reaching lengths of up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) and displaying gray, tan, or pinkish coloration with dark speckles and bands, this nocturnal ambush predator primarily feeds on small mammals, lizards, and birds. They give birth to live young, with 4-23 offspring per litter, and possess potentially dangerous hemotoxic venom. Their conservation status is listed as “least concern.”

47. Spotted Leaf-Nosed Snake

The Spotted Leaf-Nosed Snake (Phyllorhynchus decurtatus) is a small, non-venomous reptile, measuring up to 20 inches (50 cm) in size, with a tan or pale gray color and distinctive dark spots. This nocturnal and burrowing creature inhabits desert scrublands and sandy areas, where it actively hunts arthropods like insects and spiders. The species reproduces by laying clutches of 2-5 eggs, and is currently considered of the least concern in terms of conservation status.

48. Striped Whipsnake

The Striped Whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus) is a long, slender snake measuring up to 6 feet (1.83 meters) in length. Sporting black, green, or blue scales with yellowish stripes, it inhabits deserts, grasslands, and rocky areas of Arizona. As a fast-moving, diurnal creature, it thrives primarily on the ground, preying on lizards, small mammals, birds, and amphibians. Non-venomous in nature, it lays 3-12 eggs in each clutch. The Striped Whipsnake’s conservation status is classified as “least concern.”

49. Thornscrub Hook-Nosed Snake

The Thornscrub Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum) is a small, elusive reptile found in deserts and arid thornscrub regions. Measuring up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) long, this nocturnal species boasts a pale pink or light tan base color with dark pink or reddish blotches. A burrowing snake, it preys on centipedes, scorpions, and insect larvae. While mildly venomous with rear fangs, it poses no danger to humans. The species’ reproduction habits are not well-documented, and its conservation status remains unassessed.

50. Three-Lined Boa

The Three-Lined Boa (Lichanura trivirgata) is a non-venomous snake measuring up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length with a distinct tan, brown, or gray coloration adorned with black or dark brown stripes. They inhabit desert, shrubland, and rocky areas, demonstrating nocturnal and terrestrial behavior patterns. The species feeds on small mammals, birds, and lizards, reproducing through live birth and producing 3-8 offspring. With a conservation status of least concern, the Three-Lined Boa remains a captivating and enduring presence in its ecosystem.

51. Tiger Rattlesnake

The Tiger Rattlesnake (Crotalus tigris) is a medium-sized snake, reaching up to 36 inches in length, with a light gray color and dark bands or blotches. Native to rocky desert areas and hillsides, this nocturnal, terrestrial, and secretive species preys on small mammals, lizards, and birds. Mating results in egg clutches of 4-12 offspring. Notably, the Tiger Rattlesnake possesses a highly potent neurotoxic venom but is currently listed as a species of least concern in conservation status.

52. Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake

The Twin-Spotted Rattlesnake (Crotalus pricei) is a small venomous snake, extending up to 2-2.5 feet, found in high-elevation, rocky habitats within mountains and forests. Its gray, brown, or greenish scales sport dual rows of dark spots. As a nocturnal and terrestrial species, its diet consists of small mammals, birds, and lizards. Twin-Spotted Rattlesnakes reproduce through viviparity, giving birth to 2-7 live young. Though venomous, they aren’t considered dangerous to humans and hold a conservation status of ‘Least Concern.’

53. Variable Sandsnake

The Variable Sandsnake (Echis carinatus), also known as the Saw-scaled Viper, is a venomous serpent growing up to 3 feet (90 cm) long. It has a light brown or gray coloration with dark blotches and thrives in semi-desert, sandy, and rocky habitats. As a nocturnal and terrestrial creature, it preys on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. The Variable Sandsnake reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 5-12, and although its hemotoxic venom is dangerous, its conservation status is considered least concern.

54. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) is a large, gray-brown or pinkish-brown serpent adorned with diamond-shaped patterns. It can grow up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) long, and it inhabits deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. This nocturnal and terrestrial snake primarily preys on rodents, rabbits, and other small mammals. Reproduction involves live birth, yielding 4-25 young in each litter. Its potent hemotoxic venom is a notable characteristic. Fortunately, its conservation status remains at “Least Concern.”

55. Western Patch-Nosed Snake

The Western Patch-Nosed Snake (Salvadora hexalepis) is a non-venomous reptile reaching up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. Its light brown or gray coloration features dark brown or black spots, allowing it to blend seamlessly into its desert, grassland, and shrubland habitats. Primarily diurnal and terrestrial, this snake feeds on lizards, small mammals, reptiles, and eggs. During reproduction, females lay egg clutches containing 4-9 eggs. Presently, their conservation status is classified as least concern.

56. Western Shovelnose Snake

The Western Shovelnose Snake (Tropidechis carinatus) is a small, non-venomous reptile reaching up to 50 cm (20 inches) in length. Characterized by its light brown color and dark bands, this nocturnal and fossorial snake can be found in arid or semi-arid habitats of Arizona, including sandy and rocky areas. Feeding primarily on termites, ants, and other insects, the oviparous snake lays 3-8 eggs per clutch. Its conservation status is listed as Least Concern.

57. Western Terrestrial Garter Snake

The Western Terrestrial Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans) is a moderately-sized snake, measuring 2 to 4 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters) in length. It features a brown or greenish background color with three distinctive yellow stripes. The snake can be found inhabiting woodlands, grasslands, and areas near freshwater sources. Diurnal in nature, it is primarily ground-dwelling and feeds on amphibians, fish, small mammals, and invertebrates. This species is mildly venomous but poses no threat to humans. They reproduce by giving birth to live young, producing 4-18 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is listed as “least concern.”

58. Western Threadsnake

The Western Threadsnake (Leptotyphlops humilis) is a non-venomous, nocturnal snake species that grows up to 10.6 inches (27 cm) long. Its uniform dark brown or pinkish color aids in camouflage within its desert and dry grassland habitats. Known for burrowing in loose soil, these small creatures primarily feed on ants, termites, and other arthropods. Western Threadsnakes lay eggs in small clutches of two to five and are currently listed under the conservation status of “Least Concern.”

59. Yaqui Black-Headed Snake

The Yaqui Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla yaquia) is a small, non-venomous reptile measuring up to 10 inches (25 centimeters) in length. This unique snake of Arizona is identifiable by its black head and light tan to dark brown body. Preferring desert, grasslands, and woodlands as habitats, these fossorial creatures are nocturnal in nature and primarily feed on insects, spiders, and centipedes. Yaqui Black-Headed Snakes reproduce by laying a small clutch of 1-3 eggs. Their conservation status has not been evaluated by the IUCN.

Nearby States:

• Snakes in California
• Snakes in Colorado

How Do Snakes in Texas Compare to Those in Arizona in Terms of Species and Behavior?

Snakes in texas wildlife include a diverse range of venomous and non-venomous species, much like in Arizona. However, Texas has more water-inclusive environments, allowing for unique species like the cottonmouth. In contrast, Arizona’s primarily arid environment supports a higher variety of rattlesnakes, adapted to dry, desert conditions.

Final Words

All the 59 snakes have truly opened our eyes to the fascinating world of snakes found in Arizona. Who knew there were so many different types of these slithering reptiles, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats?

Not only did we get a chance to learn about some of the more common and well-known species, but we also delved into the lesser-known and often misunderstood ones.

So, the next time you’re out and about in Arizona, keep an eye out for these incredible creatures, and let’s continue to appreciate and protect the diverse wildlife that makes our world so interesting!

Resources:

• For the Love of Rattlesnakes
• the poisonous snakes of north america.
• Snakes of western Chihuahua
• Tracks and Shadows: Field Biology as Art