Snakes in New Mexico: Land of Enchanting Serpents

You may already know that New Mexico is a veritable paradise when it comes to snake-spotting. With such a diverse landscape, it’s no wonder this area is home to a whopping 50 different species!

Did your jaw just hit the floor? Yeah, ours too! Our slithering friends are truly thriving in the Land of Enchantment. From the venomous to the vibrantly colored, there’s something here for every snake aficionado.

Feeling excited to embark on a snake-seeking journey, but wondering where to start? We’ve got you covered! In this article, we’ll uncover the most fascinating and unique species of snakes living right here in New Mexico, and trust us when we say, this is an adventure you don’t want to miss! If you’re interested in a more exotic snake adventure, consider seeking out the golden serpents in California. These beautiful and elusive creatures are a sight to behold, and the thrill of spotting one in the wild is truly an unforgettable experience. So get ready to grab your gear and embark on a snake-seeking journey of a lifetime!

#	Name	Details	Image
1	Arid Land Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus diabolicus)	Size: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) Color: Olive-green or brown with yellowish stripes Habitat: Arid and semi-arid habitats, near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-aquatic
2	Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Black or dark gray with black bands Habitat: Forests, woodlands, and rocky terrain Behaviour: Hibernate in groups during winter, solitary predators
3	Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake (Lampropeltis pyromelana)	Size: Up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) Color: Bright red, black, and white bands Habitat: Forests or rocky hillsides, often near water sources Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
4	Banded Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi)	Size: 16-33 inches (40-84 cm) Color: Gray or blue-gray with dark bands Habitat: Rocky habitats, including canyons, cliffs, and slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
5	Black Racer (Coluber constrictor constrictor)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Solid black with white chin Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
6	Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus)	Size: 24-42 inches (61-107 cm) Color: Brown or gray with dark bands and a black tail Habitat: Mountainous habitats, pine-oak woodlands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators
7	California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Black or brown with white or yellow bands Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and deserts Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
8	Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus)	Size: 18-42 inches (46-106 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or black with checkered pattern Habitat: Near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-aquatic
9	Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum)	Size: Up to 15 inches (38 centimeters) Color: Gray or beige with dark bands Habitat: Deserts, scrublands, and rocky slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
10	Texas Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon biscutatus)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Gray or tan with dark blotches Habitat: Rocky habitats, including canyons, hillsides, and outcrops Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
11	Coachwhip Snake (Masticophis flagellum)	Size: Up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) Color: Variety of colors, including tan, brown, pink, and black Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
12	Desert Kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida)	Size: 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) Color: Black or dark brown with yellow or white bands Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and secretive
13	Desert Striped Whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus)	Size: 24-67 inches (60-170 cm) Color: Light gray or brown with dark stripes Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-arboreal
14	Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)	Size: 20-33 inches (51-84 cm) Color: Highly variable, typically brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas Behaviour: Diurnal, known for playing dead when threatened
15	Mottled Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus lepidus)	Size: 16-30 inches (40-76 cm) Color: Gray or brown with dark bands and mottled pattern Habitat: Rocky habitats, including canyons and mountain slopes Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and well-camouflaged
16	Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Desert, grassland, and scrub habitats Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
17	Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Yellow, brown, or cream with dark spots Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, forests, and agricultural areas Behaviour: Diurnal and burrow-dwelling
18	Grey-banded Kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna)	Size: 2-4 feet (61-122 cm) Color: Gray or brown with red or orange bands Habitat: Rocky habitats, desert scrub, and semi-arid regions Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
19	Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and terrestrial
20	Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata)	Size: 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) Color: Various colors, often brown or reddish with dark bands or blotches Habitat: Grasslands, deserts, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
21	Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum)	Size: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) Color: Gray or tan with dark stripes Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and urban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
22	Long-Nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei)	Size: Up to 30 – 52 inches (76 – 132 cm) Color: Black or brown with red, cream, or white bands Habitat: Semi-arid or desert areas, grasslands, scrublands, and rocky terrain Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and non-aggressive
23	Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus)	Size: 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark banding Habitat: Grasslands, marshes, and woodland areas Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and terrestrial
24	Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi)	Size: Up to 39 inches (1 meter) Color: Light brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Desert, scrublands, and grasslands Behaviour: Diurnal and fossorial
25	Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus)	Size: 24-54 inches (61-137 cm) Color: Light brown or greenish with diamond-shaped patterns Habitat: Desert, scrublands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, aggressive when threatened
26	Mountain Patch Nose Snake (Salvadora grahamiae)	Size: 18-44 inches (46-112 cm) Color: Brown or gray with dark-edged light stripes Habitat: Desert, scrublands, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal, fast-moving, and good climbers
27	Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Olive, greenish-brown, or grey with black spots Habitat: Streams, rivers, and riparian areas Behaviour: Diurnal, terrestrial, and aquatic
28	New Mexico Blind Snake (Rena dissecta)	Size: 4-8.5 inches (10-22 cm) Color: Pink or light brown with a yellowish-white belly Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and pine-oak woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal, burrowing, and secretive
29	New Mexico Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum celaenops)	Size: 14-36 inches (36-91 cm) Color: Red or orange bands with black borders, alternating with white or yellow bands Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
30	Rim rock crowned snake (Crotalus willardi obscurus)	Size: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) Color: Gray or brownish with medium-to-dark brown bands Habitat: Semi-arid scrub, oak, and pine-oak woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal, ground-dwelling
31	Green Ratsnake (Senticolis triaspis)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Bright green with a pale yellow underside Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
32	Trans-Pecos Rat Snake (Bogertophis subocularis)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Yellowish-brown with dark brown or black blotches Habitat: Deserts, rocky habitats, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
33	Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster)	Size: 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or gray with a yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly Habitat: Rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands Behaviour: Semi-aquatic, diurnal, and good swimmers
34	Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps)	Size: 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with a black head Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
35	Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)	Size: 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) Color: Brown or gray with yellow or orange stripes Habitat: Grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal, good swimmers, and semi-aquatic
36	Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus)	Size: Up to 25 inches (63.5 cm) Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, sandy or gravelly areas, floodplains Behaviour: Diurnal, burrowing, playing dead when threatened
37	Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)	Size: 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) Color: Greenish or brownish with dark bands and a rattle on the tail Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators
38	Red-tailed Green Ratsnake (Gonyosoma oxycephalum)	Size: 4 to 6 feet (1.2 to 1.8 meters), occasionally up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) Color: Green body with a black head and red/orange stripe on the tail Habitat: Southeast Asia, found in forests, grasslands, and agricultural areas Behaviour: Diurnal, arboreal, non-venomous, agile climbers
39	Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus)	Size: 12-15 inches (30-38 centimeters) Color: Gray or dark brown with yellow or orange ring around the neck Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive, often hiding under rocks or logs
40	Brahminy Blind Snake (Indotyphlops braminus)	Size: 2-4 inches (5-10 cm) Color: Uniform brown, grey, or purple Habitat: Grasslands, gardens, and urban areas Behaviour: Fossorial and nocturnal
41	Smith’s Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi)	Size: Up to 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) Color: Black head with a yellow, orange, or reddish body Habitat: Grasslands, shrublands, deserts, and forests Behaviour: Diurnal and secretive
42	Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis)	Size: 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) Color: Bright green with a lighter belly Habitat: Grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal, terrestrial, and good climbers
43	Sonoran Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus)	Size: Up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) Color: Red, yellow, and black bands Habitat: Deserts, rocky areas, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
44	Sonoran Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon lambda)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark, saddle-like bands Habitat: Deserts, rocky canyons, and shrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
45	Sonoran Whipsnake (Masticophis bilineatus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Green or olive with two yellowish stripes Habitat: Arid and semi-arid habitats, including desert scrub and grasslands Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
46	Texas Night Snake (Hypsiglena jani)	Size: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) Color: Light gray or beige with dark brown blotches Habitat: Desert, grassland, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
47	Trans-Pecos Blind Snake (Leptotyphlops humilis)	Size: 7-12 inches (18-30 centimeters) Color: Pink or light brown Habitat: Desert and scrubland habitats, often found under rocks or in burrows Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
48	Wandering Garter Snake (Thamnophis elegans vagrans)	Size: Up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) Color: Black or dark green with yellow-white stripes Habitat: Meadows, grasslands, and woodlands near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
49	Western Black-necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis)	Size: Up to 42 inches (106.7 cm) Color: Dark gray or black body with yellow or orange stripes Habitat: Semi-aquatic habitats, such as streams, ponds, and rivers Behaviour: Diurnal and primarily terrestrial
50	Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Gray-brown or pinkish-brown with diamond-shaped patterns Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial

50 Snakes You Can Find in New Mexico

In the state of New Mexico, a fascinating array of serpents can be found slithering through its diverse landscapes. From venomous to harmless, each species has its unique story to tell. Below, we’ll explore the wonders of these often misunderstood creatures of New Mexico, from their natural habitats and behaviors to the challenges they face in our changing world. The rattlesnake, in particular, is a common sight in the rocky desert terrain of New Mexico. Despite their fearsome reputation, they play a crucial role in the ecosystem by controlling rodent populations. However, they also face threats from habitat loss and persecution by humans. Interestingly, some people even make a living as snake catchers, earning a snake catcher salary for safely relocating these creatures from urban areas to more suitable habitats in the wild.

1. Arid Land Ribbon Snake

The Arid Land Ribbon Snake (Thamnophis proximus diabolicus) is a non-venomous snake that grows up to 30 inches (76 cm) long. It has an olive-green or brown coloration, adorned with yellowish stripes. Inhabitants of arid and semi-arid regions, these snakes reside near water sources due to their semi-aquatic and diurnal nature. Their diet consists mainly of amphibians, small fish, and invertebrates that roams in the state of New Mexico. The Arid Land Ribbon Snake is a live-bearing species, producing 3-26 offspring per litter. It is currently classified as “Least Concern” in conservation status.

2. Arizona Black Rattlesnake

The Arizona Black Rattlesnake (Crotalus cerberus) is a large reptile that can reach up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. Boasting a black or dark gray coloration with black bands, this species thrives in forests, woodlands, and rocky terrain of New Mexico. They are solitary predators and feed on small mammals, lizards, and birds. During winter, they hibernate in groups. The ovoviviparous rattlesnake gives birth to 5-15 live young and possesses hemotoxic venom. Currently, their conservation status is classified as “Least Concern.”

3. Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake

The Sonoran Mountain Kingsnake, scientifically known as Lampropeltis pyromelana, is a non-venomous reptile that can grow up to 3 feet (0.9 meters) in length. This striking snake is easily identifiable by its bright red, black, and white bands. Found in forests or rocky hillsides close to water sources, it is nocturnal and secretive by nature. Its diet consists of rodents, lizards, frogs, and other snakes. The species lays eggs in clutches of 3-12 and has a conservation status of least concern.

4. Banded Rock Rattlesnake

The Banded Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus klauberi) is a venomous snake of New Mexico measuring 16-33 inches (40-84 cm) in length. These nocturnal reptiles exhibit a gray or blue-gray color with distinct dark bands on their scales. They inhabit rocky terrains such as canyons, cliffs, and slopes, feeding primarily on small mammals, lizards, and birds. As viviparous snakes, they give live birth to 2-8 offspring per litter. Though venomous, their bites are not highly dangerous to humans, and their conservation status is listed as Least Concern.

5. Black Racer

The Black Racer (Coluber constrictor constrictor) is a non-venomous snake species of New Mexico reaching up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length, featuring a solid black coloration and a striking white chin. It thrives in an array of habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. As a diurnal and swift-moving snake, it feeds on rodents, lizards, frogs, and insects. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 12-30, and are currently designated as a species of least concern in terms of conservation status.

6. Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake

The Northern Blacktail Rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus molossus) is a moderately-sized venomous snake, ranging from 24-42 inches (61-107 cm) in length. It displays a distinct brown or gray coloration, featuring dark bands and a black tail. Inhabiting mountainous regions, pine-oak woodlands, and grasslands, this nocturnal rattlesnake acts as an ambush predator, hunting small mammals, birds, and lizards. Northern Blacktails are live-bearing, producing 3-12 offspring per litter. Although venomous, they pose minimal danger to humans and have a conservation status of “Least Concern.”

7. California Kingsnake

The California Kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae) is a non-venomous snake found throughout California’s diverse habitats, such as forests, grasslands, and deserts. They can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length and are usually black or brown with white or yellow bands. Being nocturnal and terrestrial, they mainly feed on rodents, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. These snakes reproduce by laying egg clutches ranging from 3 to 24 eggs. Fortunately, their conservation status is classified as “Least Concern.”

8. Checkered Garter Snake

Introducing the Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus), a stunning serpent dressed in olive, brown, or black with an eye-catching checkered pattern. This slithering beauty, measuring 18-42 inches (46-106 cm), loves to hang out near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands. As a diurnal and semi-aquatic creature, it feasts on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish. Fear not, as their mildly venomous bite is harmless to humans. These live-bearing reptiles can produce 5-40 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

9. Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake

The Chihuahuan Hook-Nosed Snake (Gyalopion canum) is a small, mildly venomous yet harmless reptile, reaching up to 15 inches (38cm) in length. Identified by its gray or beige coloration with dark bands, this nocturnal and fossorial species is native to deserts, scrublands, and rocky slopes . Their primary diet consists of centipedes, spiders, and insects that are commonly found in New Mexico. As for reproduction, they lay eggs in small clutches of 2-4. With a conservation status of “least concern,” their population levels remain relatively stable.

10. Texas Lyre Snake

Trimorphodon biscutatus, commonly known as the Texas Lyre Snake, is a gray or tan snake with dark blotches, reaching up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) in length. Found in rocky habitats like canyons, hillsides, and outcrops, this nocturnal and terrestrial reptile has a diet consisting of lizards, small mammals, birds, and amphibians. The snake reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 3-10. Although mildly venomous, its venom is not harmful to humans. Its conservation status is currently classified as “least concern.”

11. Coachwhip Snake

The Coachwhip Snake, scientifically known as Masticophis flagellum, is a swift, diurnal serpent native to deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. Growing up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) long, this non-venomous snake displays a variety of colors, from tan, brown, pink, to black. As adept hunters, Coachwhip Snakes primarily feed on lizards, small mammals, and birds. Mating leads to egg clutches ranging from 3-15. Despite their striking appearance, their conservation status remains classified as least concern.

12. Desert Kingsnake

The Desert Kingsnake (Lampropeltis splendida) is a non-venomous reptile, typically measuring 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) in length. It has a striking appearance with black or dark brown scales, adorned with yellow or white bands. These nocturnal, terrestrial snakes inhabit deserts, grasslands, and scrublands, often remaining secretive. They primarily feast on rodents, birds, eggs, and other reptiles. Desert Kingsnakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 3-13. Currently, their conservation status is not evaluated on the IUCN Red List.

13. Desert Striped Whipsnake

The Desert Striped Whipsnake (Masticophis taeniatus) is a slender, non-venomous snake measuring 24-67 inches in length, with a light gray or brown color and distinct dark stripes. It inhabits deserts, grasslands, and woodlands of New Mexico and is notable for its diurnal and semi-arboreal behavior. The whipsnake primarily feeds on lizards, small mammals, and birds. In terms of reproduction, females lay eggs in clutches of 3-12. Currently, the species holds a conservation status of Least Concern.

14. Eastern Hog-nosed Snake

The Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos) is a moderately-sized serpent, reaching lengths of 20-33 inches (51-84 cm). Its coloration is highly variable, typically exhibiting brown or gray hues with dark blotches. Inhabiting woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas, this diurnal snake is known for playing dead when threatened. Its diet mainly consists of toads, along with other amphibians and small mammals. It reproduces by laying 4-60 eggs per clutch, has mild venom harmless to humans, and is classified as of “Least Concern” in conservation efforts.

15. Mottled Rock Rattlesnake

The Mottled Rock Rattlesnake (Crotalus lepidus lepidus) is a small, nocturnal snake, measuring 16-30 inches (40-76 cm) in length. Its gray or brown coloration, adorned with dark bands and a mottled pattern, enables it to blend seamlessly into its rocky habitats such as canyons and mountain slopes. Despite its venomous nature, its low venom yield prevents it from being a significant threat to humans. The species feeds on small mammals, birds, lizards, and amphibians, and is a live-bearing snake with 2-12 offspring per litter. Its conservation status is listed as ‘Least Concern.’

16. Glossy Snake

The Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans) is a non-venomous, nocturnal reptile found in desert, grassland, and scrub habitats across North America. Measuring up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length, this resident of New Mexico boasts a gray or brown coloration with dark blotches. As a terrestrial creature, the Glossy Snake feeds on small mammals, lizards, and other snakes, and reproduces by laying egg clutches of 3 to 12. With a conservation status of ‘least concern’, it continues to thrive in its native regions.

17. Gophersnake

The Gophersnake (Pituophis catenifer) is a non-venomous snake species measuring up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) in length. They exhibit yellow, brown, or cream-colored scales with dark spots. Gophersnakes thrive in various habitats such as deserts, grasslands, forests, and agricultural areas. These diurnal, burrow-dwelling reptiles primarily feed on mammals, birds, eggs, and other reptiles. Gophersnakes reproduce through laying egg clutches, consisting of 2-24 eggs. Currently, they have a conservation status of least concern.

18. Grey-banded Kingsnake

The Grey-banded Kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) is a nocturnal, terrestrial snake measuring 2-4 feet (61-122 cm) in length. Its distinctive gray or brown coloration features red or orange bands, making it easily identifiable. This non-venomous snake inhabits rocky terrains, desert scrub, and semi-arid regions, where it feasts on rodents, lizards, and other snakes. Reproducing by laying clutches of 3-13 eggs, its conservation status remains unassessed, though the population is believed to be generally stable.

19. Great Plains Rat Snake

The Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi) is a non-venomous snake species that can reach up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. They exhibit gray or brown coloring with dark blotches and inhabit grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands of New Mexico. These snakes are primarily nocturnal and terrestrial, preying on rodents, birds, and eggs to maintain a healthy diet. Females lay eggs in clutches of 5-20, contributing to their conservation status of “least concern.”

20. Ground Snake

Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata) is a small, non-venomous reptile ranging from 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) in length. Exhibiting various shades of brown or reddish colors, with dark bands or blotches, this elusive species inhabits grasslands, deserts, and woodlands. Nocturnal and secretive, the Ground Snake primarily feeds on insects, spiders, and small arthropods. Mating season yields clutches of 2-7 eggs, and despite their deceptive appearance, these snakes pose no threat to humans, with their conservation status listed as Least Concern. The Ground Snake is known for its agility and speed when hunting for prey, especially during snake eating time. Their slender bodies and sharp eyesight make them effective predators, able to catch and consume their prey with precision. Despite their small size, the Ground Snake plays a significant role in controlling insect and arthropod populations in their natural habitats, contributing to the delicate balance of their ecosystems. Snake eating habits are mainly focused on consuming small prey, and they have been known to use burrows or other natural hiding places to catch their meals. Their diet plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecosystem’s balance, as they help control populations of insects and small invertebrates. Due to their non-venomous nature and beneficial impact on the environment, the Ground Snake is an important part of the local ecological system.

21. Lined Snake

The Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum) is a small, non-venomous species, growing up to 20 inches (51 cm). It has a gray or tan colored body with dark stripes, adapted to living in grasslands, prairies, and urban areas. Being nocturnal and fossorial, this reptile primarily feeds on earthworms, slugs, and soft-bodied insects. Lined Snakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 2-12. With a conservation status of least concern, they remain a thriving species.

22. Long-Nosed Snake

The Long-Nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) is a non-venomous reptile that reaches lengths of 30-52 inches (76-132 cm). Its distinct black or brown coloration features red, cream, or white bands. Commonly found in semi-arid or desert areas, grasslands, scrublands, and rocky terrain, this nocturnal creature is terrestrial, non-aggressive, and primarily feeds on rodents, lizards, and small mammals. Long-nosed snakes reproduce by laying clutches of 3-10 eggs, and their conservation status is listed as least concern.

23. Massasauga Rattlesnake

The Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus) is a small venomous snake, growing up to 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) in length. Exhibiting gray or light brown coloring with dark banding, it thrives in habitats such as grasslands, marshes, and woodland areas. This nocturnal, secretive, and terrestrial snake predominantly feeds on small mammals, lizards, and amphibians. Its reproduction involves giving birth to live young in litters ranging from 5-20. With hemotoxic venom, the snake currently has a conservation status of “Least Concern.”

24. Mexican Hog-Nosed Snake

Mexican Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus kennerlyi) is a mildly venomous reptile measuring up to 39 inches (1 meter) in length. Featuring a light brown or gray coloration with dark blotches, this diurnal and fossorial species can be found across desert, scrublands, and grasslands. Its diet consists of amphibians, reptiles, and small mammals. Females lay eggs in clutches of 4-23. Despite its venom, it poses no significant risk to humans and is currently listed as a species of least concern.

25. Mojave Rattlesnake

The Mojave Rattlesnake (Crotalus scutulatus) is a highly venomous snake native to desert, scrublands, and grasslands of America. Measuring 24-54 inches (61-137 cm) in length, it boasts a light brown or greenish color with distinct diamond-shaped patterns. This nocturnal species feeds on small mammals, birds, and reptiles, and displays aggressive behavior when threatened. Mojave Rattlesnakes are live-bearing, producing 2-17 offspring per litter. Their potent venom contains both neurotoxic and hemotoxic components. Despite their deadly reputation, their conservation status is of least concern.

26. Mountain Patch Nose Snake

The Mountain Patch-nosed Snake (Salvadora grahamiae) is a medium-sized, non-venomous reptile commonly found in desert, scrublands, grasslands, and woodlands. Measuring 18-44 inches (46-112 cm), these snakes display a mix of brown or gray colors with dark-edged light stripes. Being diurnal and fast-moving, they are also exceptional climbers, enabling them to consume a diet of lizards, small mammals, reptiles, and birds. They reproduce by laying clutches of 3-7 eggs, and their conservation status is currently listed as Least Concern.

27. Narrow-Headed Gartersnake

The Narrow-Headed Gartersnake (Thamnophis rufipunctatus) is a unique snake species found in streams, rivers, and riparian areas. They grow up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) long, showcasing olive, greenish-brown, or grey coloring with black spots. Living a diurnal, terrestrial, and aquatic lifestyle, their diet consists of fish, tadpoles, and frogs. These mildly venomous snakes are not dangerous to humans, they reproduce by giving birth to live young through ovoviviparity. Currently, their conservation status is listed as threatened.

28. New Mexico Blind Snake

Introducing the New Mexico Blind Snake (Rena dissecta), a unique, small reptile measuring 4-8.5 inches (10-22 cm) in length. Its body is colored pink or light brown with a yellowish-white belly, allowing it to blend into desert scrub, grasslands, and pine-oak woodlands of New Mexico. Naturally nocturnal, this burrowing, secretive snake feeds on ant and termite larvae. Rena dissecta couples lay their eggs in small clutches, producing non-venomous offspring. Currently, its conservation status is labeled as the least concern.

29. New Mexico Milksnake

The New Mexico Milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum celaenops) is a non-venomous snake measuring between 14-36 inches in length. It features vibrant red or orange bands with black borders, alternated with white or yellow bands. These snakes primarily inhabit deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. As nocturnal and terrestrial creatures, they prey on small mammals, birds, lizards, and other snakes. Reproducing through egg-laying, they produce clutches of 3-24 eggs at a time. The species is currently classified as least concern in conservation status.

30. Rim rock crowned snake

The Rim rock crowned snake, scientifically named Crotalus willardi obscurus, is a near-threatened species found in semi-arid scrub, oak, and pine-oak woodlands. Growing up to 30 inches (76 cm), this nocturnal ground-dweller has a gray or brownish color with prominent medium-to-dark brown bands. The Rim rock crowned snake is an ovoviviparous species, giving birth to live young. It predominantly feeds on small rodents, lizards, and other snakes. Known to be venomous, its conservation status is currently near threatened.

31. Green Ratsnake

The Green Ratsnake (Senticolis triaspis) is a vibrant reptile known for its bright green color and pale yellow underside. Reaching up to 7 feet in length, this non-venomous snake thrives in diverse habitats such as forests, grasslands, and rocky areas. Primarily active during the day, these diurnal and terrestrial creatures mainly feed on birds, lizards, and small mammals. Reproducing via egg-laying, a Green Ratsnake typically produces a clutch of 3-10 eggs. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

32. Trans-Pecos Rat Snake

The Trans-Pecos Rat Snake (Bogertophis subocularis) is a large, non-venomous reptile that can reach up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. Its distinctive yellowish-brown coloring is marked with dark brown or black blotches. Found in deserts, rocky habitats, and scrublands, this nocturnal and terrestrial species feeds on rodents, birds, and lizards. During reproduction, females lay eggs in clutches of 3-10. With a conservation status of “Least Concern,” the Trans-Pecos Rat Snake continues to thrive in the wild.

33. Plain-bellied Watersnake

The Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster) is a semi-aquatic, non-venomous snake measuring 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) in length. It features an olive, brown, or gray coloration with a distinct yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly. As adept swimmers, they inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands, with diurnal behavior. Their diet primarily consists of fish, frogs, and other amphibians. These snakes are live-bearing, producing 5-29 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

34. Plains Black-headed Snake

The Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps) is a small, non-venomous reptile, measuring 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) in length. It is characterized by its gray or light brown coloration and distinctive black head. This nocturnal and burrowing snake inhabits desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands, where it primarily feeds on insects, centipedes, and spiders. Reproduction involves laying eggs in small clutches. Despite its unique appearance, it is currently classified as a species of least concern in terms of conservation.

35. Plains Garter Snake

The Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix) is a non-venomous reptile characterized by its brown or gray color with yellow or orange stripes. Typically measuring 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) in length, it thrives in grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources. These diurnal, semi-aquatic snakes are known for their swimming prowess. They feed primarily on earthworms, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Mating results in live births, producing 6-80 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

36. Plains Hog-nosed Snake

The Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus) is a mildly venomous reptile, characterized by its reddish-brown, tan, or gray color with dark blotches. Found in grasslands, sandy or gravelly areas, and floodplains, this snake is a diurnal burrower that plays dead when threatened. Measuring up to 25 inches (63.5 cm) in length, this snake primarily feeds on toads, lizards, small mammals, and reptile eggs. Females lay eggs in clutches of 4-19. Although mildly venomous, Plains Hog-nosed Snakes pose no threat to humans, and their conservation status is listed as least concern.

37. Prairie Rattlesnake

The Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) is a venomous snake inhabiting prairies, grasslands, and scrublands. Typically measuring 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) in length, it features a greenish or brownish coloration with dark bands and a distinctive rattle on its tail. As nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators, they mainly feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. These live-bearing snakes, with 4-21 offspring per litter, pose a potential danger to humans though their venom is usually not fatal. Currently, they hold a conservation status of Least Concern.

38. Red-tailed Green Ratsnake

The red-tailed green ratsnake, scientifically known as Gonyosoma oxycephalum, is a fascinating snake found in Southeast Asia. With a vibrant green body, a striking black head, and a touch of red or orange on its tail, it’s a true sight to behold! These agile climbers love spending their days in trees and shrubs, hunting down small mammals, birds, lizards, and frogs. Don’t worry, though – they’re harmless to humans, relying on their constricting skills instead of venom. While they face some local threats, overall, they’re doing well in the wild.

39. Ringneck Snake

The Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus) is a small, mildly venomous serpent, measuring 12-15 inches (30-38 centimeters) in length. Exhibiting a gray or dark brown coloration with a distinct yellow or orange ring around its neck, this species prefers habitats including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. As nocturnal, secretive creatures, Ringneck Snakes are found hiding under rocks or logs, feeding on small invertebrates such as insects, worms, and slugs. Reproducing by laying 3-10 eggs per clutch, this snake is presently classified as least concern in terms of conservation status.

40. Brahminy Blind Snake

The Brahminy Blind Snake (Indotyphlops braminus) is a small, non-venomous snake measuring 2-4 inches long. It displays uniform brown, grey, or purple coloration and lives in grasslands, gardens, and urban areas. Exhibiting fossorial and nocturnal behavior, they primarily feed on termites and ant larvae. Uniquely, this species reproduces through parthenogenesis, resulting in 2-8 genetically identical offspring. Despite their conservation status being of least concern, they remain elusive and rarely seen by humans.

41. Smith’s Black-Headed Snake

Smith’s Black-Headed Snake (Tantilla hobartsmithi) is a small, slender reptile measuring 10-20 inches (25-51 cm) in length. Distinguished by its black head and vibrant yellow, orange, or reddish body, it inhabits various ecosystems, including grasslands, shrublands, deserts, and forests. As a diurnal and secretive creature, it preys on centipedes, scorpions, spiders, and insects. The non-venomous snake lays eggs in small clutches and has a conservation status listed as “Least Concern”.

42. Smooth Green Snake

The Smooth Green Snake (Opheodrys vernalis) measures 14-20 inches (36-51 cm) and is characterized by its vibrant green color and lighter belly. Commonly found in grasslands, meadows, and open woodlands, this diurnal and terrestrial reptile is an adept climber. Its diet mainly consists of insects and spiders. In terms of reproduction, they lay eggs in clutches of 3-12. Though non-venomous, these snakes should be admired from afar. Fortunately, their conservation status is currently listed as ‘Least Concern.’

43. Sonoran Coral Snake

The Sonoran Coral Snake (Micruroides euryxanthus) is a small, vibrantly-colored reptile growing up to 2 feet (0.6 meters) in length. Sporting red, yellow, and black bands, this secretive, nocturnal species inhabits deserts, rocky areas, and grasslands. Their diet primarily consists of small lizards, other snakes, and amphibians. Females lay eggs in clutches of 2-4. Although venomous, their venom is rarely dangerous to humans. The Sonoran Coral Snake holds a conservation status of ‘Least Concern.’

44. Sonoran Lyre Snake

The Sonoran Lyre Snake (Trimorphodon lambda) is a nocturnal and terrestrial reptile that can grow up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. With gray or brown coloring and distinctive dark bands, this snake inhabits deserts, rocky canyons, and shrublands. Its diet primarily consists of rodents, lizards, and bats. The Sonoran Lyre Snake reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 2-12. Although it possesses mild venom, it is not harmful to humans. Currently, this species holds a conservation status of least concern.

45. Sonoran Whipsnake

The Sonoran Whipsnake, scientifically known as Masticophis bilineatus, is a non-venomous snake that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. It boasts a green or olive color with two yellowish stripes on its body. Found primarily in arid and semi-arid habitats like desert scrub and grasslands, it is diurnal and fast-moving in nature. Its diet consists of lizards, small mammals, and birds. The Sonoran Whipsnake reproduces by laying 3-12 eggs per clutch and is currently a species of least concern for conservation.

46. Texas Night Snake

The Texas Night Snake (Hypsiglena jani) is a small, nocturnal reptile that can grow up to 30 inches in length. It has a light gray or beige coloration with dark brown blotches, and inhabits desert, grassland, and rocky areas. This terrestrial snake feeds on lizards, small snakes, and amphibians, and lays eggs in clutches of 2-9. Although its venom is only mildly venomous and not harmful to humans, caution should be exercised when handling. The species holds a conservation status of ‘Least Concern’.

47. Trans-Pecos Blind Snake

The Trans-Pecos Blind Snake (Leptotyphlops humilis) is a small, pink or light brown snake measuring 7-12 inches (18-30 cm) in length. This nocturnal and fossorial creature that calls New Mexico its home predominantly inhabits desert and scrubland environments, often dwelling under rocks or in burrows. Its diet consists of ants, termites, and their larvae. Laying clutches of 1-4 eggs, the Trans-Pecos Blind Snake is non-venomous and has a conservation status classified as least concern.

48. Wandering Garter Snake

Thamnophis elegans vagrans, commonly known as the Wandering Garter Snake, grows up to 3.3 feet (1 meter) and has a black or dark green color with yellow-white stripes. Inhabiting meadows, grasslands, and woodlands near water sources, these diurnal, terrestrial creatures primarily feed on earthworms, amphibians, and fish. The Wandering Garter Snake is a live-bearing species and produces 4-10 offspring, possesses mild venom harmless to humans, and holds a “Least Concern” conservation status.

49. Western Black-necked Garter Snake

The Western Black-necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis) is a semi-aquatic reptile that resides in habitats like streams, rivers, and ponds. Reaching up to 42 inches (106.7 cm) in length, it features a dark gray or black body with distinct yellow or orange stripes. Leading a diurnal and primarily terrestrial life, this snake feeds on a diet of fish, amphibians, and earthworms. The species is livebearing, producing 8-15 young per litter. Although it is mildly venomous, its venom does not harm humans. Currently, its conservation status is listed as “Least Concern”.

50. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) is a large, gray-brown or pinkish-brown serpent adorned with diamond-shaped patterns. It can grow up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) long, and it inhabits deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. This nocturnal and terrestrial snake primarily preys on rodents, rabbits, and other small mammals. Reproduction involves live birth, yielding 4-25 young in each litter. Its potent hemotoxic venom is a notable characteristic. Fortunately, its conservation status remains at “Least Concern.”

Nearby States:

• Snakes in Oregon
• Snakes in Utah

Are the Snakes Found in Mississippi Similar to Those in New Mexico?

The snakes in Mississippi and New Mexico differ due to the distinct climates and ecosystems of each region. Mississippi’s wetlands host species like cottonmouths, while New Mexico’s arid deserts are home to rattlesnakes. However, some might say there’s a unique mystique about the snakes in mississippi magic, rooted in their southern charm.

Final Words

All the 50 snakes have truly opened our eyes to the fascinating world of snakes found in New Mexico. Who knew there were so many different types of these slithering reptiles, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats?

Not only did we get a chance to learn about some of the more common and well-known species, but we also delved into the lesser-known and often misunderstood ones.

So, the next time you’re out and about in New Mexico, keep an eye out for these incredible creatures, and let’s continue to appreciate and protect the diverse wildlife that makes our world so interesting!

Resources:

• Rattlesnakes and Zoos
• Yaqui Myths and Legends
• Imagining the American West as the Orient
• Cultural and Archaeological Treasures of Otero Mesa …