Snakes in Oklahoma: Irresistible Sooner Snakes

Did you know that the Sooner State is actually a slithering paradise? That’s right! Oklahoma is home to a whopping 46 species of snakes.

From the much-feared rattlesnakes to the non-venomous garter snake, Oklahoma has them all. Whether you’re an avid herpetologist or simply enjoy learning about these fascinating creatures, we’re glad you’ve landed here.

Join us as we delve into the magnificent world of Oklahoma’s snake population and explore the various species that call this state their home. Let the serpentine adventure begin!

#	Name	Details	Image
1	Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Gray to reddish-brown with dark crossbands Habitat: Aquatic habitats, such as lakes, rivers, and swamps Behaviour: Nocturnal and semi-aquatic
2	Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi)	Size: 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) Color: Brown or yellowish with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, deserts, woodlands, and agricultural areas Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
3	Central Plains Milksnake (Lampropeltis gentilis)	Size: 16-32 inches (40-81 cm) Color: Reddish-brown with alternating light and dark bands Habitat: Prairies, woodlands, and rocky hillsides Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
4	Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus)	Size: 18-42 inches (46-106 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or black with checkered pattern Habitat: Near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-aquatic
5	Coachwhip Snake (Masticophis flagellum)	Size: Up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) Color: Variety of colors, including tan, brown, pink, and black Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
6	Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis)	Size: Up to 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) Color: Green or brown with three yellow stripes Habitat: Wet and moist habitats, including marshes, fields, and forests Behaviour: Diurnal, active, hibernates in winter
7	Common Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) Color: Brown or gray with dark bands or blotches Habitat: Aquatic habitats, including lakes, rivers, and ponds Behaviour: Nocturnal and semiaquatic
8	Copperhead Vipers (Agkistrodon contortrix)	Size: Up to 2.5-3 feet (75-90 centimeters) Color: Coppery-brown with dark bands Habitat: Forests, swampy areas, and rocky terrain Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
9	Dekay’s Brownsnake (Storeria dekayi)	Size: 9-15 inches (23-38 cm) Color: Brown or gray with dark spots Habitat: Forests, grasslands, wetlands, and urban areas Behaviour: Terrestrial, nocturnal, and secretive
10	Diamond-backed Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer)	Size: 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) Color: Olive-green or brown with dark diamond patterns Habitat: Freshwater habitats, lakes, rivers, and swamps Behaviour: Diurnal, nocturnal, and good swimmer
11	Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos)	Size: 20-33 inches (51-84 cm) Color: Highly variable, typically brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas Behaviour: Diurnal, known for playing dead when threatened
12	Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris)	Size: 30-60 inches (76-152 cm) Color: Olive or blue-gray on top, bright yellow belly Habitat: Grasslands, woodlands, and near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal, fast-moving, and active
13	Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis)	Size: 7-12 inches (18-30 cm) Color: Brown or reddish-brown with black head and yellow neck band Habitat: Grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
14	Graham’s Water Snake (Natrix grahami)	Size: Up to 31.5 inches (80 cm) Color: Uniform gray, brown, or grayish-brown with dark markings Habitat: Freshwater habitats, streams, and wetlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and aquatic
15	Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi)	Size: Up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands Behaviour: Primarily nocturnal and terrestrial
16	Kansas Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans elegans)	Size: 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) Color: Light brown or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and deserts Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
17	Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum)	Size: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) Color: Gray or tan with dark stripes Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and urban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and fossorial
18	Mississippi Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus stictogenys)	Size: 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) Color: Slate gray to black with a yellow to orange ring around the neck Habitat: Forests, woodlands, and grasslands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling
19	New Mexico Blind Snake (Rena dissecta)	Size: 4-8.5 inches (10-22 cm) Color: Pink or light brown with a yellowish-white belly Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and pine-oak woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal, burrowing, and secretive
20	Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Dark brown or black with faint banding Habitat: Swamps, marshes, streams, and rivers Behaviour: Semi-aquatic, nocturnal, and aggressive
21	Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata)	Size: Up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) Color: Gray or brown with a red or orange underside Habitat: Deciduous forests, meadows, and wetlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
22	Northern Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus)	Size: Up to 45 inches (1.1 meters) Color: Bright green with a yellowish-white belly Habitat: Found in open forests, meadows, and bushy areas near water Behaviour: Arboreal, diurnal
23	Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster)	Size: 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) Color: Olive, brown, or gray with a yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly Habitat: Rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands Behaviour: Semi-aquatic, diurnal, and good swimmers
24	Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps)	Size: 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with a black head Habitat: Desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
25	Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix)	Size: 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) Color: Brown or gray with yellow or orange stripes Habitat: Grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources Behaviour: Diurnal, good swimmers, and semi-aquatic
26	Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus)	Size: Up to 25 inches (63.5 cm) Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or gray with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, sandy or gravelly areas, floodplains Behaviour: Diurnal, burrowing, playing dead when threatened
27	Prairie Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster)	Size: 30-42 inches (76-107 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark blotches Habitat: Grasslands, farmlands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
28	Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis)	Size: 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) Color: Greenish or brownish with dark bands and a rattle on the tail Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators
29	Prairie Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi)	Size: 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) Color: Gray or olive with a yellow or orange ring around the neck Habitat: Prairies, grasslands, and woodlands Behaviour: Nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling
30	Rough Earth Snake (Virginia striatula)	Size: Up to 10-14 inches (25-35 cm) Color: Brown or gray with smooth scales Habitat: Wooded or grassy areas, often near water sources Behaviour: Secretive and burrow-dwelling
31	Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea)	Size: Up to 20-30 inches (50-76 cm) Color: Red or orangish with black bands and a white or yellowish underbelly Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and suburban areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and burrowing
32	Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Black with a white or gray chin and throat Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and fast-moving
33	Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki)	Size: Up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) Color: Tan or light brown with dark brown or black speckles Habitat: Forests, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Diurnal and terrestrial
34	Texas Night Snake (Hypsiglena jani)	Size: Up to 30 inches (76 cm) Color: Light gray or beige with dark brown blotches Habitat: Desert, grassland, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
35	Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus)	Size: Up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) Color: Yellow, brown, gray, or black with dark bands Habitat: Forests, mixed woodlands, and rocky hillsides Behaviour: Solitary and ambush predator
36	Western Black-necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis)	Size: Up to 42 inches (106.7 cm) Color: Dark gray or black body with yellow or orange stripes Habitat: Semi-aquatic habitats, such as streams, ponds, and rivers Behaviour: Diurnal and primarily terrestrial
37	Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox)	Size: Up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) Color: Gray-brown or pinkish-brown with diamond-shaped patterns Habitat: Deserts, grasslands, and scrublands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
38	Western Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata)	Size: Up to 20 inches (51 cm) Color: Brown, reddish, or gray with wide bands Habitat: Desert, grasslands, scrublands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
39	Western Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei)	Size: 24-51 inches (60-130 cm) Color: Orange or pink with black and white bands Habitat: Deserts, scrublands, and rocky areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
40	Western Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus)	Size: 20 to 30 inches (51 to 76 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark brown blotches Habitat: Grasslands, prairies, and marshy areas Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
41	Western Mud Snake (Farancia abacura reinwardtii)	Size: Up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) Color: Black or dark brown with red or pink belly Habitat: Swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams Behaviour: Nocturnal and secretive
42	Western Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius streckeri)	Size: Up to 24 inches (61 cm) Color: Gray or light brown with dark blotches Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and wetlands Behaviour: Nocturnal and terrestrial
43	Western Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus)	Size: Up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) Color: Gray or brown with dark blotches Habitat: Various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas Behaviour: Diurnal and semi-arboreal
44	Western Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus)	Size: 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) Color: Black or dark brown with three bright yellow or white stripes Habitat: Semi-aquatic habitats, wetlands, marshes, and grasslands near water Behaviour: Diurnal, swift, and good swimmer
45	Western Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae elegans)	Size: Up to 13 inches (33 cm) Color: Brown or gray with light spots Habitat: Forests, fields, and wetlands Behaviour: Fossorial and nocturnal
46	Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis)	Size: Up to 14 inches (35.5 cm) Color: Brown to black on the back and pink or light brown on the belly Habitat: Deciduous forests, grasslands, and suburban areas with moist soil Behaviour: Secretive, nocturnal, and burrowing

46 Snakes You Can Find in Oklahoma

In the state of Oklahoma, a fascinating array of serpents can be found slithering through its diverse landscapes. From venomous to harmless, each species has its unique story to tell. Below, we’ll explore the wonders of these often misunderstood creatures of Oklahoma, from their natural habitats and behaviors to the challenges they face in our changing world.

1. Banded Water Snake

The Banded Water Snake (Nerodia fasciata) is a non-venomous, semi-aquatic reptile growing up to 4 feet (1.2 meters) in length. Known for its distinctive dark crossbands on a gray to reddish-brown body, it thrives in aquatic habitats like lakes, rivers, and swamps. They are nocturnal predators feasting on frogs, fish, and small invertebrates. Mating season sees these snakes laying eggs in clutches of 10-40. Currently, the Banded Water Snake’s conservation status is classified as least concern.

2. Bullsnake

The Bullsnake (Pituophis catenifer sayi), a non-venomous constrictor, measures 4-6 feet (1.2-1.8 meters) and exhibits a brown or yellowish color with dark blotches. Found in grasslands, deserts, woodlands, and agricultural areas, these diurnal and terrestrial snakes primarily feed on rodents, rabbits, ground-nesting birds, and eggs. During the reproduction, the female Bullsnake lays egg clutches ranging from 5-22. With a conservation status listed as “Least Concern”, the Bullsnake is not currently under threat in Oklahoma.

3. Central Plains Milksnake

Its scientific name is Lampropeltis gentilis. These cool creatures are between 16-32 inches long and have a stunning reddish-brown color with alternating light and dark bands. They love hanging out in prairies, woodlands, and rocky hillsides. As night owls, they’re nocturnal and terrestrial. They snack on small mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians. When it comes to family, they lay eggs in clutches of 3-13. Don’t worry, they’re non-venomous, and their conservation status is “Least Concern.”

4. Checkered Garter Snake

Introducing the Checkered Garter Snake (Thamnophis marcianus), a stunning serpent dressed in olive, brown, or black with an eye-catching checkered pattern. This slithering beauty, measuring 18-42 inches (46-106 cm), loves to hang out near water sources, grasslands, and woodlands. As a diurnal and semi-aquatic creature, it feasts on earthworms, amphibians, and small fish. Fear not, as their mildly venomous bite is harmless to humans. These live-bearing reptiles can produce 5-40 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

5. Coachwhip Snake

The Coachwhip Snake, scientifically known as Masticophis flagellum, is a swift, diurnal serpent native to deserts, grasslands, and woodlands. Growing up to 8 feet (2.4 meters) long, this non-venomous snake displays a variety of colors, from tan, brown, pink, to black. As adept hunters, Coachwhip Snakes primarily feed on lizards, small mammals, and birds. Mating leads to egg clutches ranging from 3-15. Despite their striking appearance, their conservation status remains classified as least concern.

6. Common Garter Snake

The Common Garter Snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) is a 3-4 feet (0.9-1.2 meters) non-aggressive and mildly venomous reptile with a green or brown body and three yellow stripes. Inhabiting wet and moist habitats like marshes, fields, and forests of Oklahoma, these diurnal snakes hibernate during winter to escape the cold. Their diet consists of frogs, fish, earthworms, and small mammals. Uniquely, these snakes birth live young, producing 10-40 per litter. Although venomous, they pose no threat to humans and are currently listed as a species of least concern for conservation.

7. Common Water Snake

The Common Water Snake (Nerodia sipedon) is a non-venomous, nocturnal, semiaquatic reptile that can grow up to 4.5 feet (1.4 meters) in size. Their brown or gray body has dark bands or blotches as markings. Commonly found in aquatic habitats like lakes, rivers, and ponds, this snake’s diet consists of fish, frogs, and salamanders. It reproduces by giving birth to live young in litters containing 10-40 offspring. Although non-venomous, it can release foul-smelling musk in defense. Its conservation status is of least concern.

8. Copperhead Vipers

Copperhead Vipers (Agkistrodon contortrix) are coppery-brown snakes, measuring up to 2.5-3 feet (75-90 cm) and found in forests, swamps, and rocky terrains. These nocturnal, terrestrial reptiles primarily feed on mice, small mammals, and amphibians. Copperhead Vipers give live birth to 2-18 young per litter, possessing hemotoxic venom that is rarely fatal to humans. Currently, their conservation status is classified as least concern.

9. Dekay’s Brownsnake

Storeria dekayi, commonly known as Dekay’s Brown Snake, is a small, non-venomous reptile, measuring 9-15 inches (23-38 cm) in length. Its brown or gray body features dark spots, and it inhabits forests, grasslands, wetlands, and urban areas. Exhibiting terrestrial, nocturnal, and secretive behavior, its diet consists primarily of earthworms, slugs, and other soft-bodied invertebrates. A fascinating ovoviviparous species, Dekayís Brown Snake gives birth to live young, bearing 3-40 offspring. Its current conservation status is classified as least concern.

10. Diamond-backed Water Snake

The Diamond-backed Water Snake (Nerodia rhombifer) is a non-venomous reptile measuring 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) in length. Its olive-green or brown skin features dark diamond patterns, providing excellent camouflage in its freshwater habitat which includes lakes, rivers, and swamps. As a diurnal and nocturnal creature, this adept swimmer mainly feeds on fish, amphibians, and small reptiles. The species reproduces through live birth, with each litter consisting of 13-60 young. Currently, it holds a conservation status of Least Concern.

11. Eastern Hog-nosed Snake

The Eastern Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon platirhinos) is a moderately-sized serpent, reaching lengths of 20-33 inches (51-84 cm). Its coloration is highly variable, typically exhibiting brown or gray hues with dark blotches. Inhabiting woodlands, grasslands, and sandy areas, this diurnal snake is known for playing dead when threatened. Its diet mainly consists of toads, along with other amphibians and small mammals. It reproduces by laying 4-60 eggs per clutch, has mild venom harmless to humans, and is classified as of “Least Concern” in conservation efforts.

12. Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer

The Eastern Yellow-bellied Racer (Coluber constrictor flaviventris) is a medium-sized snake that typically measures 30-60 inches (76-152 cm) in length. It exhibits an olive or blue-gray color on its back and a vibrant yellow belly. Found in grasslands, woodlands, and near water sources, this non-venomous snake is known for its diurnal, fast-moving, and active behavior. Its diet consists of rodents, frogs, lizards, and birds. Reproduction involves laying eggs, with 6-20 per clutch. Its conservation status is presently of least concern.

13. Flat-headed Snake

The Flat-headed Snake (Tantilla gracilis) is a small, non-venomous reptile measuring 7-12 inches in length. It sports a brown or reddish-brown body with a distinct black head and a yellow neck band. Native to grasslands, woodlands, and rocky areas, this nocturnal and secretive snake primarily feeds on centipedes and other small invertebrates. Flat-headed snakes reproduce by laying eggs, with each clutch consisting of 1-3 eggs. Currently, their conservation status is classified as least concern.

14. Graham’s Water Snake

Graham’s Water Snake, scientifically known as Natrix grahami, is a nocturnal, aquatic snake species that can reach a size of up to 31.5 inches (80 cm). The snake has a uniform gray, brown, or grayish-brown color with dark markings. It thrives in freshwater habitats, such as streams and wetlands, where it feeds primarily on fish and amphibians. Female snakes lay eggs in clutches of 10 to 20. Graham’s Water Snake is non-venomous, and its conservation status is currently data deficient.

15. Great Plains Rat Snake

The Great Plains Rat Snake (Pantherophis emoryi) is a non-venomous snake species that can reach up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) in length. They exhibit gray or brown coloring with dark blotches and inhabit grasslands, prairies, and open woodlands of Oklahoma. These snakes are primarily nocturnal and terrestrial, preying on rodents, birds, and eggs to maintain a healthy diet. Females lay eggs in clutches of 5-20, contributing to their conservation status of “least concern.”

16. Kansas Glossy Snake

The Kansas Glossy Snake (Arizona elegans elegans) is a non-venomous reptile measuring 30-48 inches (76-122 cm) in length. It exhibits a light brown or gray coloration, adorned with dark blotches. Primarily inhabiting grasslands, prairies, and deserts, this nocturnal and terrestrial species feeds on rodents, lizards, and birds. Female Kansas Glossy Snakes lay eggs in clutches of 4-12. Currently, their conservation status is categorized as “Least Concern.”

17. Lined Snake

The Lined Snake (Tropidoclonion lineatum) is a small, non-venomous species, growing up to 20 inches (51 cm). It has a gray or tan colored body with dark stripes, adapted to living in grasslands, prairies, and urban areas. Being nocturnal and fossorial, this reptile primarily feeds on earthworms, slugs, and soft-bodied insects. Lined Snakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 2-12. With a conservation status of least concern, they remain a thriving species.

18. Mississippi Ringneck Snake

The Mississippi Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus stictogenys) is a small, nocturnal reptile measuring 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) in length. Its slate gray to black body features a distinctive yellow to orange neck ring. Favoring forests, woodlands, and grasslands, this secretive, burrow-dwelling snake primarily feeds on earthworms, slugs, small salamanders, and insects. Though it possesses weak venom, it poses no danger to humans. Mississippi Ringneck Snakes lay 3-10 eggs per clutch and are listed as a species of least concern for conservation.

19. New Mexico Blind Snake

Introducing the New Mexico Blind Snake (Rena dissecta), a unique, small reptile measuring 4-8.5 inches (10-22 cm) in length. Its body is colored pink or light brown with a yellowish-white belly, allowing it to blend into desert scrub, grasslands, and pine-oak woodlands of Oklahoma. Naturally nocturnal, this burrowing, secretive snake feeds on ant and termite larvae. Rena dissecta couples lay their eggs in small clutches, producing non-venomous offspring. Currently, its conservation status is labeled as the least concern.

20. Northern Cottonmouth

The Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) is a dark brown or black venomous snake, reaching up to 4 feet (1.2 meters). It features faint banding and inhabits swamps, marshes, streams, and rivers. As a semi-aquatic, nocturnal, and aggressive creature, it primarily preys on fish, amphibians, and small mammals. This snake is live-bearing, producing litters of 1-16 young. Its hemotoxic venom is potent but poses a low risk to humans, as it is classified under the least concern conservation status.

21. Northern Red-bellied Snake

The Northern Red-bellied Snake (Storeria occipitomaculata occipitomaculata) is a small, non-venomous reptile native to the United States. Measuring up to 16 inches (40 centimeters) in length, this species is characterized by its gray or brown coloration with a distinctive red or orange underside. Inhabiting deciduous forests, meadows, and wetlands, the nocturnal, terrestrial creature feeds primarily on slugs, snails, and earthworms. It is live-bearing, giving birth to 5-20 offspring at a time. Currently, the Northern Red-bellied Snake is considered to be of least concern for conservation efforts.

22. Northern Rough Green Snake

The Northern Rough Green Snake (Opheodrys aestivus) is a non-venomous, brightly colored reptile reaching up to 45 inches (1.1 meters) in length. Its vibrant green back complements its yellowish-white belly perfectly. These arboreal, diurnal snakes can be found in open forests, meadows, and bushy areas near water sources, such as streams and rivers. They primarily feed on insects, spiders, and small amphibians. Females lay clutches of 2-14 eggs during reproduction. Currently, their conservation status is categorized as least concern.

23. Plain-bellied Watersnake

The Plain-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster) is a semi-aquatic, non-venomous snake measuring 24-40 inches (61-102 cm) in length. It features an olive, brown, or gray coloration with a distinct yellow, orange, or red unmarked belly. As adept swimmers, they inhabit rivers, lakes, ponds, and wetlands, with diurnal behavior. Their diet primarily consists of fish, frogs, and other amphibians. These snakes are live-bearing, producing 5-29 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

24. Plains Black-headed Snake

The Plains Black-headed Snake (Tantilla nigriceps) is a small, non-venomous reptile, measuring 7-15 inches (18-38 cm) in length. It is characterized by its gray or light brown coloration and distinctive black head. This nocturnal and burrowing snake inhabits desert scrub, grasslands, and woodlands, where it primarily feeds on insects, centipedes, and spiders. Reproduction involves laying eggs in small clutches. Despite its unique appearance, it is currently classified as a species of least concern in terms of conservation.

25. Plains Garter Snake

The Plains Garter Snake (Thamnophis radix) is a non-venomous reptile characterized by its brown or gray color with yellow or orange stripes. Typically measuring 16-28 inches (41-71 cm) in length, it thrives in grasslands, wetlands, and areas near water sources. These diurnal, semi-aquatic snakes are known for their swimming prowess. They feed primarily on earthworms, amphibians, fish, and invertebrates. Mating results in live births, producing 6-80 offspring per litter. Currently, their conservation status is of least concern.

26. Plains Hog-nosed Snake

The Plains Hog-nosed Snake (Heterodon nasicus) is a mildly venomous reptile, characterized by its reddish-brown, tan, or gray color with dark blotches. Found in grasslands, sandy or gravelly areas, and floodplains, this snake is a diurnal burrower that plays dead when threatened. Measuring up to 25 inches (63.5 cm) in length, this snake primarily feeds on toads, lizards, small mammals, and reptile eggs. Females lay eggs in clutches of 4-19. Although mildly venomous, Plains Hog-nosed Snakes pose no threat to humans, and their conservation status is listed as least concern.

27. Prairie Kingsnake

The Prairie Kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) is a non-venomous reptile that measures 30-42 inches (76-107cm) in length. It has a gray or light brown color, adorned with dark blotches. Commonly found in grasslands, farmlands, and woodlands, Prairie Kingsnakes are terrestrial and nocturnal by nature. Their diet includes rodents, birds, lizards, and amphibians. During reproduction, they lay clutches containing 5-17 eggs. Currently, the Prairie Kingsnake’s conservation status is listed as least concern.

28. Prairie Rattlesnake

The Prairie Rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) is a venomous snake inhabiting prairies, grasslands, and scrublands. Typically measuring 20-50 inches (51-127 cm) in length, it features a greenish or brownish coloration with dark bands and a distinctive rattle on its tail. As nocturnal, terrestrial, and ambush predators, they mainly feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. These live-bearing snakes, with 4-21 offspring per litter, pose a potential danger to humans though their venom is usually not fatal. Currently, they hold a conservation status of Least Concern.

29. Prairie Ringneck Snake

The Prairie Ringneck Snake (Diadophis punctatus arnyi) is a small reptile measuring 10-15 inches (25-38 cm) in length, characterized by its gray or olive coloring and distinctive yellow or orange ring around its neck. These snakes are native to prairies, grasslands, and woodlands, leading a predominantly nocturnal, secretive, and burrow-dwelling lifestyle. Their diet consists of earthworms, slugs, small salamanders, and insects. They lay eggs in clutches of 3-10 and possess weak venom which poses no threat to humans. Currently, their conservation status is listed as “least concern.”

30. Rough Earth Snake

The Rough Earth Snake (Virginia striatula) is a small, non-venomous snake that grows up to 10-14 inches (25-35 cm) in length. Sporting a brown or gray color and smooth scales, they typically inhabit wooded or grassy areas, often near water sources. As secretive and burrow-dwelling creatures, their diet primarily consists of earthworms and other small invertebrates. They reproduce by laying clutches of 3-8 eggs, and their conservation status currently stands at “Least Concern.”

31. Scarlet Snake

The Scarlet Snake (Cemophora coccinea) is a non-venomous, nocturnal reptile found in forests, grasslands, and suburban areas. Measuring up to 20-30 inches (50-76 cm) in length, it features striking red or orangish scales with black bands and a white or yellowish underbelly. This burrowing snake has a diet consisting of reptile eggs, small rodents, and lizards. Females lay eggs in clutches of 3-8. With a conservation status of least concern, the Scarlet Snake continues to thrive in its habitats.

32. Southern Black Racer

The Southern Black Racer (Coluber constrictor priapus) is a striking, non-venomous snake averaging around 6 feet in length. Its sleek, black body contrasts with a white or gray chin and throat, allowing it to blend into various habitats like forests, grasslands, and urban areas. These diurnal, swift reptiles feed on rodents, frogs, lizards, birds, and insects. They reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 10-30, contributing to their conservation status of least concern.

33. Speckled Kingsnake

The Speckled Kingsnake (Lampropeltis holbrooki) is a non-venomous reptile that grows up to 4 feet in length. Sporting a tan or light brown color with dark brown or black speckles, this snake dwells in forests, grasslands, and scrublands. As a diurnal and terrestrial creature, it preys on small mammals, birds, and reptiles during the day. Speckled Kingsnakes reproduce by laying eggs in clutches of 4-12, and are currently categorized as least concern in terms of conservation status.

34. Texas Night Snake

The Texas Night Snake (Hypsiglena jani) is a small, nocturnal reptile that can grow up to 30 inches in length. It has a light gray or beige coloration with dark brown blotches, and inhabits desert, grassland, and rocky areas. This terrestrial snake feeds on lizards, small snakes, and amphibians, and lays eggs in clutches of 2-9. Although its venom is only mildly venomous and not harmful to humans, caution should be exercised when handling. The species holds a conservation status of ‘Least Concern’.

35. Timber Rattlesnake

The Timber Rattlesnake, scientifically known as Crotalus horridus, is a solitary, ambush predator that can grow up to 6 feet (1.8 meters) in length. It comes in various colors, including yellow, brown, gray, or black with dark bands, and inhabits forests, mixed woodlands, and rocky hillsides. Its diet consists of rodents, birds, and small mammals. Unlike most snakes, the Timber Rattlesnake is viviparous, giving birth to 4-14 live young. It possesses hemotoxic venom, and its conservation status is currently listed as least concern.

36. Western Black-necked Garter Snake

The Western Black-necked Garter Snake (Thamnophis cyrtopsis) is a semi-aquatic reptile that resides in habitats like streams, rivers, and ponds. Reaching up to 42 inches (106.7 cm) in length, it features a dark gray or black body with distinct yellow or orange stripes. Leading a diurnal and primarily terrestrial life, this snake feeds on a diet of fish, amphibians, and earthworms. The species is livebearing, producing 8-15 young per litter. Although it is mildly venomous, its venom does not harm humans. Currently, its conservation status is listed as “Least Concern”.

37. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake

The Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) is a large, gray-brown or pinkish-brown serpent adorned with diamond-shaped patterns. It can grow up to 7 feet (2.1 meters) long, and it inhabits deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. This nocturnal and terrestrial snake primarily preys on rodents, rabbits, and other small mammals. Reproduction involves live birth, yielding 4-25 young in each litter. Its potent hemotoxic venom is a notable characteristic. Fortunately, its conservation status remains at “Least Concern.”

38. Western Ground Snake

The Western Ground Snake (Sonora semiannulata) is a small, non-venomous reptile found in diverse environments, including deserts, grasslands, and scrublands. Measuring up to 20 inches (51 cm) in size, its color varies from shades of brown to reddish or gray with wide bands. A nocturnal and secretive species, their diet consists of insects, arachnids, and small lizards. Reproduction involves laying clutches of 3-5 eggs. At present, the conservation status of this snake is listed as least concern.

39. Western Long-nosed Snake

The Western Long-nosed Snake (Rhinocheilus lecontei) is a mildly venomous, nocturnal reptile measuring 24-51 inches (60-130 cm) in length. It features a vibrant orange or pink body with striking black and white bands. Commonly found in deserts, scrublands, and rocky areas, this terrestrial snake primarily feeds on amphibians, lizards, small mammals, and birds. As an oviparous species, it lays 4-12 eggs per clutch. Though venomous, it is not considered dangerous to humans and has a conservation status of least concern.

40. Western Massasauga

The Western Massasauga (Sistrurus tergeminus) is a small rattlesnake, measuring between 20 to 30 inches (51 to 76 cm) in length. Their coloration is gray or light brown, adorned with dark brown blotches. Native to grasslands, prairies, and marshy areas, these nocturnal and terrestrial creatures mainly feed on small mammals, birds, and reptiles. They give birth to live young, with 5-12 offspring per litter. Although venomous, their bites are not typically fatal to humans. Currently, their conservation status is listed as least concern.

41. Western Mud Snake

The Western Mud Snake (Farancia abacura reinwardtii) is a non-venomous, nocturnal species that can grow up to 4.5 feet (1.37 meters) in length. It has a striking appearance, featuring a black or dark brown coloration with a red or pink belly. These secretive creatures thrive in swamps, marshes, and slow-moving streams, where they primarily feed on fish, amphibians, and eel-like animals. Their reproduction involves laying egg clutches consisting of 4-24 eggs. As of now, their conservation status is listed as least concern.

42. Western Pygmy Rattlesnake

The Western Pygmy Rattlesnake (Sistrurus miliarius streckeri) is a small snake species measuring up to 24 inches (61 cm) in length. It has a gray or light brown coloration with dark blotches along its body. The snake can be found in a variety of habitats such as forests, grasslands, and wetlands. It is nocturnal, terrestrial, and has a diet consisting of small mammals, lizards, frogs, and insects. The Western Pygmy Rattlesnake reproduces with live births, producing 5-12 young per brood. Though mildly venomous, causing localized pain and swelling, its conservation status is listed as least concern.

43. Western Rat Snake

The Western Rat Snake (Pantherophis obsoletus) is a non-venomous species found in various habitats, including forests, grasslands, and urban areas. Measuring up to 6.5 feet (2 meters) long, this diurnal, semi-arboreal reptile exhibits a gray or brown coloration with dark blotches. Its diet primarily consists of rodents, birds, and eggs, making it an essential part of natural rodent population control. Breeding occurs through egg-laying, with each clutch containing 5-20 eggs. Western Rat Snakes have a conservation status of “least concern.”

44. Western Ribbonsnake

The Western Ribbonsnake (Thamnophis proximus) is a slender reptile measuring 18-30 inches (46-76 cm) in length, characterized by its black or dark brown coloration adorned with three bright yellow or white stripes. Commonly found in semi-aquatic habitats such as wetlands, marshes, and grasslands near water, this diurnal creature is a swift swimmer, preying primarily on fish, frogs, and tadpoles. The non-venomous species reproduces by laying egg clutches of 3-26, and has a conservation status of ‘Least Concern’.

45. Western Smooth Earth Snake

The Western Smooth Earth Snake (Virginia valeriae elegans) is a small, non-venomous species, reaching up to 13 inches (33 cm) in length. They exhibit brown or gray coloration with light spots. These fossorial and nocturnal creatures reside in forests, fields, and wetlands, primarily feeding on earthworms and small insects. The species reproduces by laying eggs in clutches of 2-9. With a conservation status of “Least Concern,” these snakes do not currently face significant threats.

46. Western Wormsnake

The Western Wormsnake (Carphophis vermis) is a non-venomous, small-sized reptile reaching up to 14 inches (35.5 cm) in length. It exhibits a distinct color pattern of brown-to-black on its back and pink or light brown on its belly. Inhabiting deciduous forests, grasslands, and moist suburban areas, this elusive, nocturnal creature primarily burrows underground and feeds on earthworms and soft-bodied invertebrates. Western Wormsnakes lay small egg clutches (1-8) and have a conservation status of Least Concern.

Nearby States:

• Snakes in Texas
• Snakes in Louisiana
• Snakes in Arkansas

Final Words

All the 46 snakes have truly opened our eyes to the fascinating world of snakes found in Oklahoma. Who knew there were so many different types of these slithering reptiles, each with their own unique characteristics and habitats?

Not only did we get a chance to learn about some of the more common and well-known species, but we also delved into the lesser-known and often misunderstood ones.

So, the next time you’re out and about in Oklahoma, keep an eye out for these incredible creatures, and let’s continue to appreciate and protect the diverse wildlife that makes our world so interesting!

Are the Snakes in Oklahoma and Kansas Similar in Species and Behaviors?

Yes, snakes in kansas are similar in species and behaviors to those found in Oklahoma. Both states are home to a variety of snake species, including rattlesnakes, garter snakes, and bullsnakes. These snakes exhibit similar behaviors, such as hibernating in the winter and hunting for prey during the warmer months.

Resources:

• the poisonous snakes of north america.
• Avoiding Envenomation While Dancing with Rattlesnakes …
• (PDF) 1997 Tales of Giant Snakes | John C. Murphy
• Snake Dancers Entering the Plaza – Digital Collections